Symptoms: Accidental intravascular injections of local anaesthetics can cause immediate (within seconds to a few minutes) systemic toxic reactions.
In the event of overdose, systemic toxicity appears later (15-60 minutes after injection) due to the slower increase in local anaesthetic blood concentration.
Treatment: If signs of acute systemic toxicity occur, the administration of local anaesthetics must be stopped immediately and CNS symptoms (convulsions and CNS depression) must promptly be treated with appropriate airway/respiratory support and the administration of anticonvulsant drugs.
If circulatory arrest should occur, immediate cardiopulmonary resuscitation should be instituted. Optimal oxygenation and ventilation and circulatory support as well as treatment of acidosis are of vital importance.
If cardiovascular depression occurs (hypotension, bradycardia), appropriate treatment with intravenous fluids, vasopressor, and or inotropic agents should be considered. Children should be given doses commensurate with age and weight.
Should cardiac arrest occur, a successful outcome may require prolonged resuscitative efforts.