Clamentin Mechanism of Action

Pharmacology: Pharmacodynamics: Clamentin Film Coated Tablet: Bacterial enzymes that destroy the antibiotic before it can act on the pathogen cause resistance to many antibiotics. The clavulanate in Clamentin anticipates this defense mechanism by blocking the beta-lactamase enzymes, thus rendering the organisms sensitive to amoxicillin's rapid bactericidal effect at concentrations readily attainable in the body.
Clavulanate by itself has little antibacterial activity; however, in association with amoxicillin as Clamentin, it produces an antibiotic agent of broad spectrum with wide application in hospital and general practice.
Clamentin is bactericidal to a wide range of organisms including: Gram-positive: Aerobes: Enterococcus faecalis*, Enterococcus faecium*, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Streptococcus pyogenes, Streptococcus viridans, Staphylococcus aureus*, Coagulase negative staphylococci* (including Staphylococcus epidermis*), Corynebacterium species, Bacillus anthracis*, Listeria monocytogenes.
Anaerobes: Clostridium species, Peptococcus species, Peptostreptococcus.
Gram-negative: Aerobes: Haemophilus influenzae*, Moraxella catarrhalis* (Branhamella catarrhalis), Escherichia coli*, Proteus mirabilis*, Proteus vulgaris*, Klebsiella species*, Salmonella species*, Shigella species*, Bordetella pertusis, Brucella species, Neisseria gonorrhoeae*, Neisseria meningitidis*, Vibrio cholerae, Pasteurella multocida.
Anaerobes: Bacteroides species* including B. fragilis.
*Some members of these species of bacteria produce beta-lactamase, rendering them insensitive to amoxicillin alone.
Pharmacokinetics: The pharmacokinetics of the two components of Clamentin is closely matched. Peak serum levels of both occur about one hour after oral administration. Absorption of Clamentin is optimized at the start of a meal. Both clavulanate and amoxicillin have low levels of serum binding; about 70% remains free in the serum.
Doubling the dosage of Clamentin approximately doubles the serum levels achieved.
Clamentin Powder for Injection: Resistance to many antibiotics is caused by bacterial enzymes which destroy the antibiotic before it can act on the pathogen. The clavulanate in Clamentin anticipates this defense mechanism by blocking the β-lactamase enzymes, thus rendering the organisms sensitive to Amoxicillin’s rapid bactericidal effect at concentrations readily attainable in the body.
Clamentin is bactericidal to a wide range of organisms including: Gram-positive: Aerobes: *Enterococcus faecalis, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Streptococcus pyogenes, Streptococcus viridans, *Staphylococcus aureus, *Coagulase-negative staphylococci (including Staphylococcus epidermidis), Corynebacterium sp, *Bacillus anthracis, Listeria monocytogenes, Enterococcus faecium, Streptococcus agalactiae, Streptococcus sp.
Anaerobes: Clostridium, Peptococcus spp, Peptostreptococcus.
Gram-negative: Aerobes: *Haemophilus influenzae, *Escherichia coli, *Proteus mirabilis, *Proteus vulgaris, *Klebsiella sp, *Moraxella catarrhalis (Branhamella catharralis), *Salmonella sp, *Shigella sp, Bordetella pertussis, Brucella sp, *Neisseria gonorrhoeae, *Neisseria meningitidis, Vibrio cholerae, *Yersinia enterocolitica, Pasteurella multocida, Gardnerella vaginalis, Helicobacter pylori, Legionella sp.
Anaerobes: *Bacteroides sp (including Bacteroides fragilis), *Fusobacterium sp.
*Including β-lactamase producing strains resistant to ampicillin and Amoxicillin.
Amoxicillin and clavulanate potassium are well absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract after oral administration.
Dosing in the fasted or fed state has minimal effect on the pharmacokinetics of Amoxicillin. While Clamentin can be given without regard to meals, absorption of clavulanate acid when taken with food is greater relative to the fasted state.
Amoxicillin serum concentrations achieved with Clamentin are similar to those produced by the oral administration of equivalent doses of amoxicillin alone. The half-life of amoxicillin after oral administration is 1.3 hours and that of clavulanic acid is 1.0 hour.
Concurrent administration of probenecid delays Amoxicillin excretion but does not delay renal excretion of clavulanic acid.
Clavulanic acid has been found to be approximately 25% bound to human serum and Amoxicillin approximately 18% bound.
Amoxicillin diffuses readily into most body tissues and fluids with the exception of the brain and spinal fluid. The results of experiments involving the administration of clavulanic acid to animals suggest that this compound, like Amoxicillin, is well distributed in body tissues.