Minocycline hydrochloride has a molecular formula of C23H27N3O7·HCl.
Minocycline HCl is a semisynthetic tetracycline used in the treatment of a wide variety of infections due to tetracycline-susceptible bacteria and some tetracycline-resistant organisms, eg staphylococci, streptococci and certain strains of E. coli and Haemophilus sp.
Pharmacology: Minocycline HCl acts similarly as the other tetracyclines. It exerts its bacteriostatic effect by inhibiting bacterial protein synthesis. It appears to be generally 2-4 times more potent than tetracycline against gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria, 8 times more potent against S. viridans, but shares equally low potency against S. faecalis. It is especially effective against Mycobacterium marinum.
Treatment of the following infections caused by susceptible strains: Respiratory tract infections caused by Mycoplasma pneumoniae; psittacosis due to Chlamydia psittaci; trachoma caused by Chlamydia trachomatis, although the infection is not always eliminated, as judged by the immunofluorescence; inclusion conjunctivitis caused by Chlamydia trachomatis; nongonococcal urethritis in adults caused by Ureaplasma urealyticum or Chlamydia trachomatis, chancroid due to Haemophilus ducreyi; cholera caused by Vibrio cholerae.
Treatment of infections caused by the following gram-negative microorganisms, when bacteriologic testing indicates appropriate susceptibility to the drug: Escherichia coli, Enterobacter aerogenes, Shigella and Acinetobacter spp; respiratory tract infections caused by Haemophilus influenzae; respiratory tract and urinary tract infections caused by Klebsiella sp.
Treatment of infections caused by the following gram-positive microorganisms, when bacteriologic testing indicates appropriate susceptibility to the drug: Upper respiratory tract infections caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae; skin and skin structure infections caused by minocycline-sensitive organisms; uncomplicated urethritis in men due to Neisseria gonorrhoeae, and for the treatment of other gonococcal infections when penicillin is contraindicated.
An alternative drug in the treatment of the following infections: Infections in women caused by Neisseria gonorrhoeae; syphilis caused by Treponema pallidum; listeriosis due to Listeria monocytogenes; anthrax caused by Bacillus anthracis; infections caused by Clostridium sp; in severe acne, minocycline may be used as an adjunct therapy.
Treatment of asymptomatic carriers of Neisseria meningitidis to eliminate meningococci from the nasopharynx. It is recommended that the prophylactic use of minocycline be reserved for situations in which the risk of meningococcal meningitis is high.
Also used in the treatment of infections caused by Mycobacterium marinum.
Adults: Initial Dose: 200 mg, followed by 100 mg every 12 hrs.
Gonorrhea Patients Sensitive to Penicillin: 200 mg initially, then 100 mg every 12 hrs for a minimum of 4 days. Post-therapy culture within 2-3 days is necessary.
Neisseria meningitidis Carrier (asymptomatic): 100 mg every 12 hrs for 5 days.
Mycobacterium marinum Infection: 100 mg every 12 hrs for 6-8 weeks. Optimal dose is not yet established.
Uncomplicated Urethral, Endocervical or Rectal Infections caused by Chlamydia trachomatis and Ureaplasma urealyticum: 100 mg twice daily for at least 7 days.
Uncomplicated Gonococcal Urethritis in Men : 100 mg twice a day for 5 days.
Children >12 years: Initial dose of 4 mg/kg of body weight followed by 2 mg/kg every 12 hrs.
Dosage reduction is not necessary in patients with renal impairment. Borymycin may be taken with food or milk if gastrointestinal irritation occurs. To be dispensed on physician's prescription.
There is no specific antidote for minocycline overdose; management of the patient should, therefore, consist of symptomatic and supportive therapy.
Hypersensitivity to any of the tetracyclines.
In complete renal failure, minocycline, like other tetracycline class, should be discontinued as systemic accumulation of the drug may lead to liver toxicity.
Use in pregnancy: Minocycline, like other tetracycline-class antibiotics, can cause fetal harm when administered to a pregnant woman. If any tetracycline is used during pregnancy, or if the patient becomes pregnant while taking these drugs, potential hazard to the fetus should be considered.
Use in lactation: Tetracyclines are excreted in human milk. Because of the potential for serious side effects in nursing infants due to tetracyclines, a decision should be made whether to discontinue nursing or discontinue Borymycin, taking into account the importance of the drug to the mother.
Use in children: Generally, Borymycin should not be used by children <12 years, unless other drugs are ineffective or are contraindicated, because it may cause permanent discoloration of the teeth, enamel hypoplasia and inhibition of linear skeletal growth.
Prolonged or repeated therapy may result in bacterial or fungal overgrowth of nonsusceptible organisms. If superinfection occurs, Borymycin should be discontinued and appropriate therapy instituted.
Degradation products of minocycline are highly nephrotoxic and on occasion may produce Falconi-like syndrome. Therefore, caution should be taken not to use outdated products.
Borymycin should be avoided in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus as execerbations have been reported.
Care is advisable in patients with myasthenia gravis who may be at risk of neuromuscular blockade.
Increased sensitivity of skin to sunlight may occur.
Use in pregnancy: Minocycline, like other tetracycline-class antibiotics, can cause fetal harm when administered to a pregnant woman. If any tetracycline is used during pregnancy, or if the patient becomes pregnant while taking these drugs, potential hazard to the fetus should be considered.
Use in lactation: Tetracyclines are excreted in human milk. Because of the potential for serious side effects in nursing infants due to tetracyclines, a decision should be made whether to discontinue nursing or discontinue Borymycin, taking into account the importance of the drug to the mother.
Gastrointestinal: Anorexia, nausea and vomiting, diarrhea, epigastric distress, sore throat, black hairy tongue, esophageal ulcers and inflammatory lesions in the anogenital region.
Dermatologic: Maculopapular and erythematous rashes, photosensitivity, blue-gray pigmentation of the skin and mucous membrane.
Hypersensitivity: Urticaria, angioneurotic edema, anaphylaxis, anaphylactoid purpura, pericarditis, exacerbation of systemic lupus erythematosus and serum sickness-like reactions, severe headache, impairment of vision and papilledema.
CNS: Lightheadedness, dizziness and vertigo.
Blood: Hemolytic anemia, thrombocytopenia, neutropenia and eosinophilia have been reported.
Bulging fontanelles in infants and benign intracranial hypertension in adults have been reported.
Penicillin interferes with the antibacterial action of minocycline.
Antacids, iron, sodium bicarbonate, colestipol may impair absorption of Borymycin.
Dose reduction of anticoagulant may be required if it is administered concomitantly with minocycline.
Borymycin may decrease the effect of oral contraceptives; it may enhance methoxyflurane-induced nephrotoxicity.
Store at a temperature below 30°C. Protect from light and moisture. Keep in a tight container.
Shelf-Life: 3 years.
J01AA08 - minocycline ; Belongs to the class of tetracyclines. Used in the systemic treatment of infections.
Borymycin cap 100 mg
10 × 10's
Borymycin cap 50 mg
10 × 10's
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