Imbruvica

Ibrutinib.

IMBRUVICA 140mg hard capsules: Each hard capsule contains 140 mg of ibrutinib.
IMBRUVICA 140mg film-coated tablets: Each film-coated tablet contains 140 mg of ibrutinib.
IMBRUVICA 280mg film-coated tablets: Each film-coated tablet contains 280mg of ibrutinib.
IMBRUVICA 420mg film-coated tablets: Each film-coated tablet contains 420mg of ibrutinib.
Excipients/Inactive Ingredients: Capsules: Capsule content: Croscarmellose sodium, Magnesium stearate, Microcrystalline cellulose, Sodium lauril sulfate (E487).
Capsule shell: Gelatin, Titanium dioxide (E171).
Printing ink: Shellac, Black iron oxide (E172), Propylene glycol (E1520).
Film-coated tablets: Excipients with known effect: Each 140mg film-coated tablet contains 28mg of lactose monohydrate.
Each 280mg film-coated tablet contains 56mg of lactose monohydrate.
Each 420mg film-coated table contains 84mg of lactose monohydrate.
Tablet core: Colloidal anhydrous silica, Croscarmellose sodium, Lactose monohydrate, Magnesium stearate, Microcrystalline cellulose, Povidone, Sodium lauril sulfate (E487).
Film-coat: IMBRUVICA 140mg film-coated tablet and IMBRUVICA 420mg film-coated tablets: Macrogol, Polyvinyl alcohol, Talc, Titanium dioxide (E171), Black iron oxide (E172), Yellow iron oxide (E172).
IMBRUVICA 280mg film-coated tablets: Macrogol, Polyvinyl alcohol, Talc, Titanium dioxide (E171), Black iron oxide (E172), Red iron oxide (E172).

Pharmacotherapeutic group: Antineoplastic agents, protein kinase inhibitors. ATC code: L01EL01.
Pharmacology: Pharmacodynamics: Mechanism of action: Ibrutinib is a potent, small-molecule inhibitor of Bruton's tyrosine kinase (BTK). Ibrutinib forms a covalent bond with a cysteine residue (Cys-481) in the BTK active site, leading to sustained inhibition of BTK enzymatic activity. BTK, a member of the Tec kinase family, is an important signalling molecule of the B-cell antigen receptor (BCR) and cytokine receptor pathways. The BCR pathway is implicated in the pathogenesis of several B-cell malignancies, including MCL, diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL), follicular lymphoma, and CLL. BTK's pivotal role in signalling through the B-cell surface receptors results in activation of pathways necessary for B-cell trafficking, chemotaxis and adhesion. Preclinical studies have shown that ibrutinib effectively inhibits malignant B-cell proliferation and survival in vivo as well as cell migration and substrate adhesion in vitro.
Lymphocytosis: Upon initiation of treatment, a reversible increase in lymphocyte counts (i.e., ≥ 50% increase from baseline and an absolute count > 5,000/mcL), often associated with reduction of lymphadenopathy, has been observed in about three fourths of patients with CLL treated with IMBRUVICA. This effect has also been observed in about one third of patients with relapsed or refractory MCL treated with IMBRUVICA. This observed lymphocytosis is a pharmacodynamic effect and should not be considered progressive disease in the absence of other clinical findings. In both disease types, lymphocytosis typically occurs during the first month of IMBRUVICA therapy and typically resolves within a median of 8.0 weeks in patients with MCL and 14 weeks in patients with CLL. A large increase in the number of circulating lymphocytes (e.g., > 400,000/mcL) has been observed in some patients.
Lymphocytosis was not observed in patients with WM treated with IMBRUVICA.
In vitro platelet aggregation: In an in vitro study, ibrutinib demonstrated inhibition of collagen-induced platelet aggregation. Ibrutinib did not show meaningful inhibition of platelet aggregation using other agonists of platelet aggregation.
Effect on QT/QTc interval and cardiac electrophysiology: The effect of ibrutinib on the QTc interval was evaluated in 20 healthy male and female subjects in a randomised, double-blind thorough QT study with placebo and positive controls. At a supratherapeutic dose of 1,680 mg, ibrutinib did not prolong the QTc interval to any clinically relevant extent. The largest upper bound of the 2-sided 90% CI for the baseline adjusted mean differences between ibrutinib and placebo was below 10 ms. In this same study, a concentration dependent shortening in the QTc interval was observed (-5.3 ms [90% CI: -9.4, -1.1] at a C_max of 719 ng/mL following the supratherapeutic dose of 1,680 mg).
Clinical efficacy and safety: MCL: The safety and efficacy of IMBRUVICA in patients with relapsed or refractory MCL were evaluated in a single open-label, multi-center phase 2 study (PCYC-1104-CA) of 111 patients. The median age was 68 years (range: 40 to 84 years), 77% were male and 92% were Caucasian. Patients with Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) performance status of 3 or greater were excluded from the study. The median time since diagnosis was 42 months, and median number of prior treatments was 3 (range: 1 to 5 treatments), including 35% with prior high-dose chemotherapy, 43% with prior bortezomib, 24% with prior lenalidomide, and 11% with prior autologous or allogeneic stem cell transplant. At baseline, 39% of patients had bulky disease (≥ 5 cm), 49% had high-risk score by Simplified MCL International Prognostic Index (MIPI), and 72% had advanced disease (extranodal and/or bone marrow involvement) at screening.
IMBRUVICA was administered orally at 560 mg once daily until disease progression or unacceptable toxicity. Tumour response was assessed according to the revised International Working Group (IWG) for non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) criteria. The primary endpoint in this study was investigator-assessed overall response rate (ORR). Responses to IMBRUVICA are shown in Table 1. (See Table 1.)

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The efficacy data was further evaluated by an Independent Review Committee (IRC) demonstrating an ORR of 69%, with a 21% complete response (CR) rate and a 48% partial response (PR) rate. The IRC estimated median DOR was 19.6 months.
The overall response to IMBRUVICA was independent of prior treatment including bortezomib and lenalidomide or underlying risk/prognostic factors, bulky disease, gender or age.
The safety and efficacy of IMBRUVICA were demonstrated in a randomised phase 3, open-label, multicenter study including 280 patients with MCL who received at least one prior therapy (Study MCL3001). Patients were randomised 1:1 to receive either IMBRUVICA orally at 560 mg once daily for 21 days or temsirolimus intravenously at 175 mg on Days 1, 8, 15 of the first cycle followed by 75 mg on Days 1, 8, 15 of each subsequent 21-day cycle. Treatment on both arms continued until disease progression or unacceptable toxicity. The median age was 68 years (range, 34; 88 years), 74% were male and 87% were Caucasian. The median time since diagnosis was 43 months, and median number of prior treatments was 2 (range: 1 to 9 treatments), including 51% with prior high-dose chemotherapy, 18% with prior bortezomib, 5% with prior lenalidomide, and 24% with prior stem cell transplant. At baseline, 53% of patients had bulky disease (≥ 5 cm), 21% had high-risk score by Simplified MIPI, 60% had extranodal disease and 54% had bone marrow involvement at screening.
Progression-free survival (PFS) was assessed by IRC according to the revised International Working Group (IWG) for non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) criteria. Efficacy results for Study MCL3001 are shown in Table 2 and the Kaplan-Meier curve for PFS in Figure 1. (See Table 2.)

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A smaller proportion of patients treated with ibrutinib experienced a clinically meaningful worsening of lymphoma symptoms versus temsirolimus (27% versus 52%) and time to worsening of symptoms occurred more slowly with ibrutinib versus temsirolimus (HR 0.27, p < 0.0001). (See Figure 1.)

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CLL: Patients previously untreated for CLL: Single agent: A randomised, multicenter, open-label phase 3 study (PCYC-1115-CA) of IMBRUVICA versus chlorambucil was conducted in patients with treatment-naïve CLL who were 65 years of age or older. Patients between 65 and 70 years of age were required to have at least one comorbidity that precluded the use of frontline chemo-immunotherapy with fludarabine, cyclophosphamide, and rituximab. Patients (n = 269) were randomised 1:1 to receive either IMBRUVICA 420 mg daily until disease progression or unacceptable toxicity, or chlorambucil at a starting dose of 0.5 mg/kg on days 1 and 15 of each 28-day cycle for a maximum of 12 cycles, with an allowance for intrapatient dose increases up to 0.8 mg/kg based on tolerability. After confirmed disease progression, patients on chlorambucil were able to crossover to ibrutinib.
The median age was 73 years (range, 65 to 90 years), 63% were male, and 91% were Caucasian. Ninety one percent of patients had a baseline ECOG performance status of 0 or 1 and 9% had an ECOG performance status of 2. The study enrolled 269 patients with CLL. At baseline, 45% had advanced clinical stage (Rai Stage III or IV), 35% of patients had at least one tumor ≥ 5 cm, 39% with baseline anaemia, 23% with baseline thrombocytopenia, 65% had elevated β2 microglobulin > 3500 mcg/L, 47% had a CrCL < 60 mL/min, 20% of patients presented with del11q, 6% of patients presented with del 17p/tumor protein 53 (TP53) mutation, and 44% of patients presented with unmutated immunoglobulin heavy chain variable region (IGHV).
Progression free survival (PFS) as assessed by IRC according to International Workshop on CLL (IWCLL) criteria indicated an 84% statistically significant reduction in the risk of death or progression in the IMBRUVICA arm. Efficacy results for Study PCYC-1115-CA are shown in Table 3 and the Kaplan-Meier curves for PFS and OS are shown in Figures 2 and 3, respectively.
There was a statistically significant sustained platelet or haemoglobin improvement in the ITT population in favor of ibrutinib versus chlorambucil. In patients with baseline cytopenias, sustained haematologic improvement was: platelets 77.1% versus 42.9%; haemoglobin 84.3% versus 45.5% for ibrutinib and chlorambucil respectively. (See Table 3 and Figures 2 and 3.)

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48-month follow up: With a median follow-up time on study of 48 months in Study PCYC-1115-CA and its extension study, an 86% reduction in the risk of death or progression by investigator assessment was observed for patients in the IMBRUVICA arm. The median investigator-assessed PFS was not reached in the IMBRUVICA arm and was 15 months [95% CI (10.22, 19.35)] in the chlorambucil arm; (HR=0.14 [95% CI (0.09, 0.21)]). The 4-year PFS estimate was 73.9% in the IMBRUVICA arm and 15.5% in the chlorambucil arm, respectively. The updated Kaplan-Meier curve for PFS is shown in Figure 4.
The investigator-assessed ORR was 91.2% in the IMBRUVICA arm versus 36.8% in the chlorambucil arm. The CR rate according to IWCLL criteria was 16.2% in the IMBRUVICA arm versus 3.0% in the chlorambucil arm. At the time of long-term follow-up, a total of 73 subjects (54.9%) originally randomised to the chlorambucil arm subsequently received ibrutinib as cross-over treatment. The Kaplan-Meier landmark estimate for OS at 48-months was 85.5% in the IMBRUVICA arm.
The treatment effect of ibrutinib in Study PCYC-1115-CA was consistent across high-risk patients with del 17p/TP53 mutation, del 11q, and/or unmutated IGHV. (See Figure 4.)

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Combination therapy: The safety and efficacy of IMBRUVICA in patients with previously untreated CLL/SLL were further evaluated in a randomized, multi-center, open-label, Phase 3 study (PCYC-1130-CA) of IMBRUVICA in combination with obinutuzumab versus chlorambucil in combination with obinutuzumab. The study enrolled patients who were 65 years of age or older or <65 years of age with coexisting medical conditions, reduced renal function as measured by creatinine clearance <70 mL/min, or presence of del17p/TP53 mutation. Patients (n=229) were randomized 1:1 to receive either IMBRUVICA 420 mg daily until disease progression or unacceptable toxicity or chlorambucil at a dose of 0.5 mg/kg on Days 1 and 15 of each 28-day cycle for 6 cycles. In both arms, patients received 1000 mg of obinutuzumab on Days 1, 8 and 15 of the first cycle, followed by treatment on the first day of 5 subsequent cycles (total of 6 cycles, 28 days each). The first dose of obinutuzumab was divided between day 1 (100 mg) and day 2 (900 mg).
The median age was 71 years (range, 40 to 87 years), 64% were male, and 96% were Caucasian. All patients had a baseline ECOG performance status of 0 (48%) or 1-2 (52%). At baseline, 52% had advanced clinical stage (Rai Stage III or IV), 32% of patients had bulky disease (≥5 cm), 44% with baseline anaemia, 22% with baseline thrombocytopenia, 28% had a CrCL <60 mL/min, and the median Cumulative Illness Rating Score for Geriatrics (CIRS-G) was 4 (range, 0 to 12). At baseline, 65% of patients presented with CLL/SLL with high risk factors (del17p/TP53 mutation [18%], del11q [15%], or unmutated IGHV [54%]).
Progression free survival (PFS) was assessed by IRC according to IWCLL criteria indicated a 77% statistically significant reduction in the risk of death or progression in the IMBRUVICA arm. With a median follow up time on study of 31 months, the median PFS was not reached in the IMBRUVICA+obinutuzumab arm and was 19 months in the chlorambucil+obinutuzumab arm. Efficacy results for Study PCYC 1130 CA are shown in Table 4 and the Kaplan-Meier curve for PFS is shown in Figure 5. (See Table 4 and Figure 5.)

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The treatment effect of ibrutinib was consistent across the high-risk CLL/SLL population (del17p/TP53 mutation, del11q, or unmutated IGHV), with a PFS HR of 0.15 [95% CI (0.09, 0.27)], as shown in Table 5. The 2-year PFS rate estimates for the high-risk CLL/SLL population were 78.8% [95% CI (67.3, 86.7)] and 15.5% [95% CI (8.1, 25.2)] in the IMBRUVICA+obinutuzumab and chlorambucil+obinutuzumab arms, respectively. (See Table 5.)

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Any grade infusion-related reactions were observed in 25% of patients treated with IMBRUVICA+obinutuzumab and 58% of patients treated with chlorambucil+obinutuzumab. Grade 3 or higher or serious infusion-related reactions were observed in 3% of patients treated with IMBRUVICA+obinutuzumab and 9% of patients treated with chlorambucil+obinutuzumab.
The safety and efficacy of IMBRUVICA in patients with previously untreated CLL or SLL were further evaluated in a randomised, multi-center, open-label, phase 3 study (E1912) of IMBRUVICA in combination with rituximab (IR) versus standard fludarabine, cyclophosphamide, and rituximab (FCR) chemo-immunotherapy. The study enrolled previously untreated patients with CLL or SLL who were 70 years or younger. Patients with del17p were excluded from the study. Patients (n=529) were randomised 2:1 to receive either IR or FCR. IMBRUVICA was administered at a dose of 420 mg daily until disease progression or unacceptable toxicity. Fludarabine was administered at a dose of 25 mg/m2, and cyclophosphamide was administered at a dose of 250 mg/m2, both on Days 1, 2, and 3 of Cycles 1-6. Rituximab was initiated in Cycle 2 for the IR arm and in Cycle 1 for the FCR arm and was administered at a dose of 50 mg/m2 on Day 1 of the first cycle, 325 mg/m2 on Day 2 of the first cycle, and 500 mg/m2 on Day 1 of 5 subsequent cycles, for a total of 6 cycles. Each cycle was 28 days.
The median age was 58 years (range, 28 to 70 years), 67% were male, and 90% were Caucasian. All patients had a baseline ECOG performance status of 0 or 1 (98%) or 2 (2%). At baseline, 43% of patients presented with Rai Stage III or IV, and 59% of patients presented with CLL/SLL with high risk factors (TP53 mutation [6%], del11q [22%], or unmutated IGHV [53%]).
With a median follow-up time on study of 37 months, efficacy results for E1912 are shown in Table 6. The Kaplan-Meier curves for PFS, assessed according to IWCLL criteria, and OS are shown in Figures 6 and 7, respectively. (See Table 6 and Figure 6.)

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The treatment effect of ibrutinib was consistent across the high-risk CLL/SLL population (TP53 mutation, del11q, or unmutated IGHV), with a PFS HR of 0.23 [95% CI (0.13, 0.40)], p <0.0001, as shown in Table 7. The 3-year PFS rate estimates for the high-risk CLL/SLL population were 90.4% [95% CI (85.4, 93.7)] and 60.3% [95% CI (46.2, 71.8)] in the IR and FCR arms, respectively. (See Table 7 and Figure 7.)

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Patients with CLL who received at least one prior therapy: Single agent: The safety and efficacy of IMBRUVICA in patients with CLL were demonstrated in one uncontrolled study and one randomised, controlled study. The open-label, multi-center study (PCYC-1102-CA) included 51 patients with relapsed or refractory CLL, who received 420 mg once daily. IMBRUVICA was administered until disease progression or unacceptable toxicity. The median age was 68 years (range: 37 to 82 years), median time since diagnosis was 80 months, and median number of prior treatments was 4 (range: 1 to 12 treatments), including 92.2% with a prior nucleoside analog, 98.0% with prior rituximab, 86.3% with a prior alkylator, 39.2% with prior bendamustine and 19.6% with prior ofatumumab. At baseline, 39.2% of patients had Rai Stage IV, 45.1% had bulky disease (≥ 5 cm), 35.3% had deletion 17p and 31.4% had deletion 11q.
ORR was assessed according to the 2008 IWCLL criteria by investigators and IRC. At a median duration follow up of 16.4 months, the ORR by IRC for the 51 relapsed or refractory patients was 64.7% (95% CI: 50.1%; 77.6%), all PRs. The ORR including PR with lymphocytosis was 70.6%. Median time to response was 1.9 months. The DOR ranged from 3.9 to 24.2+ months. The median DOR was not reached.
A randomised, multi-center, open-label phase 3 study of IMBRUVICA versus ofatumumab (PCYC-1112-CA) was conducted in patients with relapsed or refractory CLL. Patients (n = 391) were randomised 1:1 to receive either IMBRUVICA 420 mg daily until disease progression or unacceptable toxicity, or ofatumumab for up to 12 doses (300/2,000 mg). Fifty-seven patients randomised to ofatumumab crossed over following progression to receive IMBRUVICA. The median age was 67 years (range: 30 to 88 years), 68% were male, and 90% were Caucasian. All patients had a baseline ECOG performance status of 0 or 1. The median time since diagnosis was 91 months and the median number of prior treatments was 2 (range: 1 to 13 treatments). At baseline, 58% of patients had at least one tumour ≥5 cm. Thirty-two percent of patients had deletion 17p (with 50% of patients having deletion 17p/TP53 mutation), 24% had 11q deletion, and 47% of patients had unmutated IGHV.
Progression free survival (PFS) as assessed by an IRC according to IWCLL criteria indicated a 78% statistically significant reduction in the risk of death or progression for patients in the IMBRUVICA arm. Analysis of OS demonstrated a 57% statistically significant reduction in the risk of death for patients in the IMBRUVICA arm. Efficacy results for Study PCYC-1112-CA are shown in Table 8. (See Table 8.)

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The efficacy was similar across all of the subgroups examined, including in patients with and without deletion 17p, a pre-specified stratification factor (Table 9). (See Table 9.)

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The Kaplan-Meier curve for PFS is shown in Figure 8. (See Figure 8.)

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Final Analysis at 65-month follow-up: With a median follow-up time on study of 65 months in Study PCYC-1112-CA, an 85% reduction in the risk of death or progression by investigator assessment was observed for patients in the IMBRUVICA arm. The median investigator-assessed PFS according to IWCLL criteria was 44.1 months [95% CI (38.47, 56.18)] in the IMBRUVICA arm and 8.1 months [95% CI (7.79, 8.25)] in the ofatumumab arm, respectively; HR=0.15 [95% CI (0.11, 0.20)]. The updated Kaplan-Meier curve for PFS is shown in Figure 9. The investigator-assessed ORR in the IMBRUVICA arm was 87.7% versus 22.4% in the ofatumumab arm. At the time of final analysis, 133 (67.9%) of the 196 subjects originally randomized to the ofatumumab treatment arm had crossed over to ibrutinib treatment. The median investigator-assessed PFS2 (time from randomisation until PFS event after first subsequent anti-neoplastic therapy) according to IWCLL criteria was 65.4 months [95% CI (51.61, not estimable)] in the IMBRUVICA arm and 38.5 months [95% CI (19.98, 47.24)] in the ofatumumab arm, respectively; HR=0.54 [95% CI (0.41, 0.71)]. The median OS was 67.7 months [95% CI (61.0, not estimable)] in the IMBRUVICA arm.
The treatment effect of ibrutinib in Study PCYC-1112-CA was consistent across high-risk patients with deletion 17p/TP53 mutation, deletion 11q, and/or unmutated IGHV. (See Figure 9.)

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Combination therapy: The safety and efficacy of IMBRUVICA in patients previously treated for CLL were further evaluated in a randomised, multicenter, double-blinded phase 3 study of IMBRUVICA in combination with BR versus placebo+BR (Study CLL3001). Patients (n=578) were randomised 1:1 to receive either IMBRUVICA 420 mg daily or placebo in combination with BR until disease progression, or unacceptable toxicity. All patients received BR for a maximum of six 28-day cycles. Bendamustine was dosed at 70 mg/m² infused IV over 30 minutes on Cycle 1, Days 2 and 3, and on Cycles 2-6, Days 1 and 2 for up to 6 cycles. Rituximab was administered at a dose of 375 mg/m² in the first cycle, Day 1, and 500 mg/m² Cycles 2 through 6, Day 1. Ninety patients randomised to placebo+BR crossed over to receive IMBRUVICA following IRC confirmed progression. The median age was 64 years (range, 31 to 86 years), 66% were male, and 91% were Caucasian. All patients had a baseline ECOG performance status of 0 or 1. The median time since diagnosis was 6 years and the median number of prior treatments was 2 (range, 1 to 11 treatments). At baseline, 56% of patients had at least one tumour ≥5 cm, 26% had del11q.
Progression free survival (PFS) was assessed by IRC according to IWCLL criteria. Efficacy results for Study CLL3001 are shown in Table 10. (See Table 10.)

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WM: Single agent: The safety and efficacy of IMBRUVICA in WM (IgM-excreting lymphoplasmacytic lymphoma) were evaluated in an open-label, multi-center, single-arm trial of 63 previously treated patients. The median age was 63 years (range: 44 to 86 years), 76% were male, and 95% were Caucasian. All patients had a baseline ECOG performance status of 0 or 1. The median time since diagnosis was 74 months, and the median number of prior treatments was 2 (range: 1 to 11 treatments). At baseline, the median serum IgM value was 3.5 g/dL, and 60% of patients were anaemic (haemoglobin ≤11 g/dL or 6.8 mmol/L).
IMBRUVICA was administered orally at 420 mg once daily until disease progression or unacceptable toxicity. The primary endpoint in this study was ORR per investigator assessment. The ORR and DOR were assessed using criteria adopted from the Third International Workshop of WM. Responses to IMBRUVICA are shown in Table 11. (See Table 11.)

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The median time to response was 1.0 month (range: 0.7-13.4 months).
Efficacy results were also assessed by an IRC demonstrating an ORR of 83%, with a 11% VGPR rate and a 51% PR rate.
Combination therapy: The safety and efficacy of IMBRUVICA in WM were further evaluated in patients with treatment-naïve or previously treated WM in a randomised, multicenter, double-blinded phase 3 study of IMBRUVICA in combination with rituximab versus placebo in combination with rituximab (PCYC-1127-CA). Patients (n=150) were randomised 1:1 to receive either IMBRUVICA 420 mg daily or placebo in combination with rituximab until disease progression or unacceptable toxicity. Rituximab was administered weekly at a dose of 375 mg/m2 for 4 consecutive weeks (weeks 1-4) followed by a second course of weekly rituximab for 4 consecutive weeks (weeks 17-20).
The median age was 69 years (range, 36 to 89 years), 66% were male, and 79% were Caucasian. Ninety-three percent of patients had a baseline ECOG performance status of 0 or 1, and 7% of patients had a baseline ECOG performance status of 2. Forty-five percent of patients were treatment-naïve, and 55% of patients were previously treated. The median time since diagnosis was 52.6 months (treatment-naïve patients=6.5 months and previously treated patients=94.3 months). Among previously treated patients, the median number of prior treatments was 2 (range, 1 to 6 treatments). At baseline, the median serum IgM value was 3.2 g/dL (range, 0.6 to 8.3 g/dL), 63% of patients were anaemic (haemoglobin ≤11 g/dL or 6.8 mmol/L) and MYD88 L265P mutations were present in 77% of patients, absent in 13% of patients, and 9% of patients were not evaluable for mutation status.
At the primary analysis, with a median follow-up of 26.5 months, the IRC-assessed PFS hazard ratio was 0.20 [95% CI (0.11, 0.38)]. PFS hazard ratios for treatment-naïve patients, previously treated patients, and patients with or without MYD88 L265P mutations were consistent with the PFS hazard ratio for the ITT population.
Grade 3 or 4 infusion-related reactions were observed in 1% of patients treated with IMBRUVICA+rituximab and 16% of patients treated with placebo+rituximab.
Tumor flare in the form of IgM increase occurred in 8.0% of subjects in the IMBRUVICA+rituximab arm and 46.7% of subjects in the placebo+rituximab arm.
Final Analysis at 63-month follow-up: With an overall follow-up of 63 months, efficacy results as assessed by an IRC at the time of the final analysis for PCYC-1127-CA are shown in Table 12 and the Kaplan-Meier curve for PFS is shown in Figure 10. PFS hazard ratios for treatment-naïve patients (0.31 [95% CI (0.14, 0.69)]) and previously treated patients (0.22 [95% CI (0.11, 0.43)]) were consistent with the PFS hazard ratio for the ITT population. (See Table 12 and Figure 10.)

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Study PCYC-1127-CA had a separate monotherapy arm of 31 patients with previously treated WM who failed prior rituximab-containing therapy and received single agent IMBRUVICA. The median age was 67 years (range, 47 to 90 years). Eighty-one percent of patients had a baseline ECOG performance status of 0 or 1, and 19% had a baseline ECOG performance status of 2. The median number of prior treatments was 4 (range, 1 to 7 treatments). With an overall follow-up of 61 months, the response rate observed in Study PCYC-1127-CA monotherapy arm per IRC assessment was 77% (0% CR, 29% VGPR, 48% PR). The median duration of response was 33 months (range, 2.4 to 60.2+ months). The overall response rate per IRC observed in the monotherapy arm was 87% (0% CR, 29% VGPR, 48% PR, 10% MR). The median duration of overall response was 39 months (range, 2.07 to 60.2+ months).
Chronic graft versus host disease (cGVHD): The safety and efficacy of IMBRUVICA in cGVHD were evaluated in an open-label, multi-center, single-arm trial of 42 patients with cGVHD after failure of first line corticosteroid therapy and required additional therapy. The median age was 56 years (range, 19 to 74 years), 52% were male, and 93% were Caucasian. The most common underlying malignancies leading to transplant were acute lymphocytic leukemia, acute myeloid leukemia, and CLL. The median time since diagnosis was 14 months and the median number of prior cGVHD treatments was 2 (range, 1 to 3 treatments). The majority of patients (88%) had at least 2 organs involved at baseline, with the most commonly involved organs being mouth (86%), skin (81%), and gastrointestinal tract (33%). The median daily steroid dose per body weight at baseline was 0.3 mg/kg/day.
IMBRUVICA was administered orally at 420 mg once daily until disease progression, unacceptable toxicity or recurrence of underlying malignancy. The primary endpoint in this study was best ORR per investigator assessment using the 2005 National Institutes of Health Consensus Panel Response Criteria with modification. Responses were seen across involved organs for cGVHD (skin, mouth, gastrointestinal tract, and liver). Efficacy results are shown in Table 13. (See Table 13.)

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ORR results were supported by exploratory analyses of patient-reported symptom burden which showed at least a 7-point decrease in Lee Symptom Scale overall summary score in 24% (10/42) of patients on at least 2 consecutive visits.
Pharmacokinetics: Absorption: Ibrutinib is rapidly absorbed after oral administration with a median T_max of 1 to 2 hours. Absolute bioavailability in fasted condition (n = 8) was 2.9% (90% CI = 2.1 - 3.9) and doubled when combined with a meal. Pharmacokinetics of ibrutinib does not significantly differ in patients with different B-cell malignancies. Ibrutinib exposure increases with doses up to 840 mg. The steady state AUC observed in patients at 560 mg is (mean ± standard deviation) 953 ± 705 ng h/mL and in patients at 420mg with cGVHD is 1159 ± 583 ng·h/mL. Administration of ibrutinib in fasted condition resulted in approximately 60% of exposure (AUC_last) as compared to either 30 minutes before, 30 minutes after (fed condition) or 2 hours after a high fat breakfast.
Ibrutinib has a pH dependent solubility, with lower solubility at higher pH. In fasted healthy subjects administered a single 560 mg dose of ibrutinib after taking omeprazole at 40 mg once daily for 5 days, compared to ibrutinib alone, geometric mean ratios (90% CI) were 83% (68-102%), 92% (78-110%), and 38% (26-53%) for AUC_0-24, AUC_last, and C_max, respectively.
Distribution: Reversible binding of ibrutinib to human plasma protein in vitro was 97.3% with no concentration dependence in the range of 50 to 1,000 ng/mL. The apparent volume of distribution at steady state (V_d, _ss/F) was approximately 10,000 L.
Metabolism: Ibrutinib is metabolised primarily by CYP3A4 to produce a dihydrodiol metabolite with an inhibitory activity towards BTK approximately 15 times lower than that of ibrutinib. Involvement of CYP2D6 in the metabolism of ibrutinib appears to be minimal.
Therefore, no precautions are necessary in patients with different CYP2D6 genotypes.
Elimination: Apparent clearance (CL/F) is approximately 1,000 L/h. The half-life of ibrutinib is 4 to 13 hours. After a single oral administration of radiolabeled [¹⁴C]-ibrutinib in healthy subjects, approximately 90% of radioactivity was excreted within 168 hours, with the majority (80%) excreted in the faeces and < 10% accounted for in urine. Unchanged ibrutinib accounted for approximately 1% of the radiolabeled excretion product in faeces and none in urine.
Special populations: Elderly: Population pharmacokinetics indicated that age does not significantly influence ibrutinib clearance from the circulation.
Paediatric population: No pharmacokinetic studies were performed with IMBRUVICA in patients under 18 years of age.
Gender: Population pharmacokinetics data indicated that gender does not significantly influence ibrutinib clearance from the circulation.
Race: There are insufficient data to evaluate the potential effect of race on ibrutinib pharmacokinetics.
Body weight: Population pharmacokinetics data indicated that body weight (range: 41-146 kg; mean [SD]: 83 [19 kg]) had a negligible effect on ibrutinib clearance.
Renal impairment: Ibrutinib has minimal renal clearance; urinary excretion of metabolites is < 10% of the dose. No specific studies have been conducted to date in subjects with impaired renal function. There are no data in patients with severe renal impairment or patients on dialysis (see Dosage & Administration).
Hepatic impairment: Ibrutinib is metabolised in the liver. A hepatic impairment trial was performed in non-cancer subjects administered a single dose of 140 mg of medicinal product under fasting conditions. The effect of impaired liver function varied substantially between individuals, but on average a 2.7-, 8.2-, and 9.8-fold increase in ibrutinib exposure (AUC_last) was observed in subjects with mild (n = 6, Child-Pugh class A), moderate (n = 10, Child-Pugh class B) and severe (n = 8, Child-Pugh class C) hepatic impairment, respectively. The free fraction of ibrutinib also increased with degree of impairment, with 3.0, 3.8 and 4.8% in subjects with mild, moderate and severe liver impairment, respectively, compared to 3.3% in plasma from matched healthy controls within this study. The corresponding increase in unbound ibrutinib exposure (AUC_{unbound, last}) is estimated to be 4.1-, 9.8-, and 13-fold in subjects with mild, moderate, and severe hepatic impairment, respectively (see Dosage & Administration).
Co-administration with transport substrates/inhibitors: In vitro studies indicated that ibrutinib is not a substrate of P-gp, nor other major transporters, except OCT2. The dihydrodiol metabolite and other metabolites are P-gp substrates. Ibrutinib is an in vitro inhibitor of P-gp and BCRP (see Interactions).
Toxicology: Preclinical safety data: The following adverse effects were seen in studies of 13-weeks duration in rats and dogs. Ibrutinib was found to induce gastrointestinal effects (soft faeces/diarrhoea and/or inflammation) and lymphoid depletion in rats and dogs with a No Observed Adverse Effect Level (NOAEL) of 30 mg/kg/day in both species. Based on mean exposure (AUC) at the 560 mg/day clinical dose, AUC ratios were 2.6 and 21 at the NOAEL in male and female rats, and 0.4 and 1.8 at the NOAEL in male and female dogs, respectively. Lowest Observed Effect Level (LOEL) (60 mg/kg/day) margins in the dog are 3.6-fold (males) and 2.3-fold (females). In rats, moderate pancreatic acinar cell atrophy (considered adverse) was observed at doses of ≥ 100 mg/kg in male rats (AUC exposure margin of 2.6-fold) and not observed in females at doses up to 300 mg/kg/day (AUC exposure margin of 21.3-fold). Mildly decreased trabecular and cortical bone was seen in female rats administered ≥ 100 mg/kg/day (AUC exposure margin of 20.3-fold). All gastrointestinal, lymphoid and bone findings recovered following recovery periods of 6-13 weeks. Pancreatic findings partially recovered during comparable reversal periods.
Juvenile toxicity studies have not been conducted.
Carcinogenicity/genotoxicity: Ibrutinib was not carcinogenic in a 6-month study in the transgenic (Tg.rasH2) mouse at oral doses up to 2000 mg/kg/day with an exposure margin of approximately 23 (males) to 37 (females) times the human AUC of ibrutinib at a dose of 560 mg daily.
Ibrutinib has no genotoxic properties when tested in bacteria, mammalian cells or in mice.
Reproductive toxicity: In pregnant rats, ibrutinib at a dose of 80 mg/kg/day was associated with increased post-implantation loss and increased visceral (heart and major vessels) malformations and skeletal variations with an exposure margin 14 times the AUC found in patients at a daily dose of 560 mg. At a dose of ≥ 40 mg/kg/day, ibrutinib was associated with decreased foetal weights (AUC ratio of ≥ 5.6 as compared to daily dose of 560 mg in patients). Consequently the foetal NOAEL was 10 mg/kg/day (approximately 1.3 times the AUC of ibrutinib at a dose of 560 mg daily) (see Use in Pregnancy & Lactation).
In pregnant rabbits, ibrutinib at a dose of 15 mg/kg/day or greater was associated with skeletal malformations (fused sternebrae) and ibrutinib at a dose of 45 mg/kg/day was associated with increased post-implantation loss. Ibrutinib caused malformations in rabbits at a dose of 15 mg/kg/day (approximately 2.0 times the exposure (AUC) in patients with MCL administered ibrutinib 560 mg daily and 2.8 times the exposure in patients with CLL or WM receiving ibrutinib dose 420 mg per day). Consequently the foetal NOAEL was 5 mg/kg/day (approximately 0.7 times the AUC of ibrutinib at a dose of 560 mg daily) (see Use in Pregnancy & Lactation).
Fertility: No effects on fertility or reproductive capacities were observed in male or female rats up to the maximum dose tested, 100 mg/kg/day (HED 16 mg/kg/day).

IMBRUVICA as a single agent is indicated for the treatment of adult patients with relapsed or refractory mantle cell lymphoma (MCL).
IMBRUVICA as a single agent or in combination with rituximab or obinutuzumab is indicated for the treatment of adult patients with previously untreated chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL) (see Pharmacology: Pharmacodynamics under Actions).
IMBRUVICA as a single agent or in combination with bendamustine and rituximab (BR) is indicated for the treatment of adult patients with chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL) who have received at least one prior therapy.
IMBRUVICA as a single agent is indicated for the treatment of adult patients with Waldenström's macroglobulinaemia (WM) who have received at least one prior therapy, or in first line treatment for patients unsuitable for chemo-immunotherapy. IMBRUVICA in combination with rituximab is indicated for the treatment of adult patients with Waldenström's macroglobulinaemia (WM).
IMBRUVICA is indicated for the treatment of adult patients with chronic graft-versus-host disease (cGVHD) after failure of one or more lines of systemic therapy.

Treatment with this medicinal product should be initiated and supervised by a physician experienced in the use of anticancer medicinal products.
Posology: Mantle cell lymphoma: The recommended dose for the treatment of MCL is 560 mg once daily.
Chronic lymphocytic leukaemia: The recommended dose for the treatment of CLL, either as a single agent or in combination, is 420 mg once daily (for details of the combination regimen, see Pharmacology: Pharmacodynamics under Actions).
Waldenström's macroglobulinaemia: The recommended dose for the treatment of WM, either as a single agent or in combination, is 420 mg once daily (for details of the combination regimen, see Pharmacology: Pharmacodynamics under Actions).
Treatment should continue until disease progression or no longer tolerated by the patient.
When administering IMBRUVICA in combination with anti-CD20 therapy, it is recommended to administer IMBRUVICA prior to anti-CD20 therapy when given on the same day.
Chronic graft versus host disease (cGVHD): The recommended dose of IMBRUVICA for cGVHD is 420 mg orally once daily until cGVHD progression, recurrence of an underlying malignancy, or unacceptable toxicity. When a patient no longer requires therapy for the treatment of cGVHD, IMBRUVICA should be discontinued considering the medical assessment of the individual patient.
Dose adjustments: Moderate and strong CYP3A4 inhibitors increase the exposure of ibrutinib (see Precautions and Interactions).
The dose of ibrutinib should be reduced to 280 mg once daily when used concomitantly with moderate CYP3A4 inhibitors.
The dose of ibrutinib should be reduced to 140 mg once daily or withheld for up to 7 days when it is used concomitantly with strong CYP3A4 inhibitors.
IMBRUVICA therapy should be withheld for any new onset or worsening grade ≥ 3 non-haematological toxicity, grade 3 or greater neutropenia with infection or fever, or grade 4 haematological toxicities. Once the symptoms of the toxicity have resolved to grade 1 or baseline (recovery), IMBRUVICA therapy may be reinitiated at the starting dose. If the toxicity reoccurs, the once daily dose should be reduced by 140 mg. A second reduction of dose by 140 mg may be considered as needed. If these toxicities persist or recur following two dose reductions, discontinue the medicinal product.
Recommended dose modifications are described as follows: (See Table 14.)

Click on icon to see table/diagram/image

Missed dose: If a dose is not taken at the scheduled time, it can be taken as soon as possible on the same day with a return to the normal schedule the following day. The patient should not take extra capsules to make up the missed dose.
Special populations: Elderly: No specific dose adjustment is required for elderly patients (aged ≥ 65 years).
Renal impairment: No specific clinical studies have been conducted in patients with renal impairment. Patients with mild or moderate renal impairment were treated in IMBRUVICA clinical studies. No dose adjustment is needed for patients with mild or moderate renal impairment (greater than 30 mL/min creatinine clearance). Hydration should be maintained and serum creatinine levels monitored periodically. Administer IMBRUVICA to patients with severe renal impairment (< 30 mL/min creatinine clearance) only if the benefit outweighs the risk and monitor patients closely for signs of toxicity. There are no data in patients with severe renal impairment or patients on dialysis (see Pharmacology: Pharmacokinetics under Actions).
Hepatic impairment: Ibrutinib is metabolised in the liver. In a hepatic impairment study, data showed an increase in ibrutinib exposure (see Pharmacology: Pharmacokinetics under Actions). For patients with mild liver impairment (Child-Pugh class A), the recommended dose is 280 mg daily. For patients with moderate liver impairment (Child-Pugh class B), the recommended dose is 140 mg daily. Monitor patients for signs of IMBRUVICA toxicity and follow dose modification guidance as needed. It is not recommended to administer IMBRUVICA to patients with severe hepatic impairment (Child-Pugh class C).
Severe cardiac disease: Patients with severe cardiovascular disease were excluded from IMBRUVICA clinical studies.
Paediatric population: The safety and efficacy of IMBRUVICA in children and adolescents aged 0 to 18 years have not been established. No data are available.
Method of administration: IMBRUVICA should be administered orally once daily with a glass of water approximately at the same time each day. The capsules should be swallowed whole with water and should not be opened, broken, or chewed. IMBRUVICA must not be taken with grapefruit juice or Seville oranges (see Interactions).

There are limited data on the effects of IMBRUVICA overdose. No maximum tolerated dose was reached in the phase 1 study in which patients received up to 12.5 mg/kg/day (1,400 mg/day). In a separate study, one healthy subject who received a dose of 1,680 mg experienced reversible grade 4 hepatic enzyme increases [aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT)]. There is no specific antidote for IMBRUVICA. Patients who ingested more than the recommended dose should be closely monitored and given appropriate supportive treatment.

Hypersensitivity to the active substance or to any of the excipients listed in Description.
Use of preparations containing St. John's Wort is contraindicated in patients treated with IMBRUVICA.

Bleeding-related events: There have been reports of bleeding events in patients treated with IMBRUVICA, both with and without thrombocytopenia. These include minor bleeding events such as contusion, epistaxis, and petechiae; and major bleeding events, some fatal, including gastrointestinal bleeding, intracranial haemorrhage, and haematuria.
Warfarin or other vitamin K antagonists should not be administered concomitantly with IMBRUVICA. Use of either anticoagulants or medicinal products that inhibit platelet function (antiplatelet agents) concomitantly with IMBRUVICA increases the risk of major bleeding. A higher risk for major bleeding was observed with anticoagulant than with antiplatelet agents. Consider the risks and benefits of anticoagulant or antiplatelet therapy when co-administered with IMBRUVICA. Monitor for signs and symptoms of bleeding.
Supplements such as fish oil and vitamin E preparations should be avoided.
IMBRUVICA should be held at least 3 to 7 days pre- and post-surgery depending upon the type of surgery and the risk of bleeding.
The mechanism for the bleeding-related events is not fully understood. Patients with congenital bleeding diathesis have not been studied.
Leukostasis: Cases of leukostasis have been reported in patients treated with IMBRUVICA. A high number of circulating lymphocytes (> 400,000/mcL) may confer increased risk. Consider temporarily withholding IMBRUVICA. Patients should be closely monitored. Administer supportive care including hydration and/or cytoreduction as indicated.
Splenic rupture: Cases of splenic rupture have been reported following discontinuation of IMBRUVICA treatment. Disease status and spleen size should be carefully monitored (e.g. clinical examination, ultrasound) when IMBRUVICA treatment is interrupted or ceased. Patients who develop left upper abdominal or shoulder tip pain should be evaluated and a diagnosis of splenic rupture should be considered.
Infections: Infections (including sepsis, neutropenic sepsis, bacterial, viral, or fungal infections) were observed in patients treated with IMBRUVICA. Some of these infections have been associated with hospitalisation and death. Most patients with fatal infections also had neutropenia. Patients should be monitored for fever, abnormal liver function tests, neutropenia and infections and appropriate anti-infective therapy should be instituted as indicated. Consider prophylaxis according to standard of care in patients who are at increased risk for opportunistic infections.
Cases of invasive fungal infections, including cases of Aspergillosis, Cryptococcosis and Pneumocystis jiroveci infections have been reported following the use of ibrutinib. Reported cases of invasive fungal infections have been associated with fatal outcomes.
Cases of progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML) including fatal ones have been reported following the use of ibrutinib within the context of a prior or concomitant immunosuppressive therapy. Physicians should consider PML in the differential diagnosis in patients with new or worsening neurological, cognitive or behavioral signs or symptoms. If PML is suspected then appropriate diagnostic evaluations should be undertaken and treatment suspended until PML is excluded. If any doubt exists, referral to a neurologist and appropriate diagnostic measures for PML including MRI scan preferably with contrast, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) testing for JC Viral DNA and repeat neurological assessments should be considered.
Hepatic events: Cases of hepatotoxicity, hepatitis B reactivation, and cases of hepatitis E, which may be chronic, have occurred in patients treated with IMBRUVICA. Hepatic failure, including fatal events, has occurred in patients treated with IMBRUVICA. Liver function and viral hepatitis status should be assessed before initiating treatment with IMBRUVICA. Patients should be periodically monitored for changes in liver function parameters during treatment. As clinically indicated, viral load and serological testing for infectious hepatitis should be performed per local medical guidelines. For patients diagnosed with hepatic events, consider consulting a liver disease expert for management.
Cytopenias: Treatment-emergent grade 3 or 4 cytopenias (neutropenia, thrombocytopenia and anaemia) were reported in patients treated with IMBRUVICA. Monitor complete blood counts monthly.
Interstitial Lung Disease (ILD): Cases of ILD have been reported in patients treated with IMBRUVICA. Monitor patients for pulmonary symptoms indicative of ILD. If symptoms develop, interrupt IMBRUVICA and manage ILD appropriately. If symptoms persist, consider the risks and benefits of IMBRUVICA treatment and follow the dose modification guidelines.
Cardiac arrhythmia and cardiac failure: Atrial fibrillation, atrial flutter and cases of ventricular tachyarrhythmia and cardiac failure have been reported in patients treated with IMBRUVICA. Cases of atrial fibrillation and atrial flutter have been reported particularly in patients with cardiac risk factors, hypertension, acute infections, and a previous history of atrial fibrillation. Periodically monitor all patients clinically for cardiac manifestations, including cardiac arrhythmia and cardiac failure. Patients who develop arrhythmic symptoms or new onset of dyspnoea, dizziness or fainting should be evaluated clinically and if indicated have an electrocardiogram (ECG) performed.
In patients who develop signs and/or symptoms of ventricular tachyarrhythmia, IMBRUVICA should be temporarily discontinued and a thorough clinical benefit/risk assessment should be performed before possibly restarting therapy.
In patients with preexisting atrial fibrillation requiring anticoagulant therapy, alternative treatment options to IMBRUVICA should be considered. In patients who develop atrial fibrillation on therapy with IMBRUVICA a thorough assessment of the risk for thromboembolic disease should be undertaken. In patients at high risk and where alternatives to IMBRUVICA are non-suitable, tightly controlled treatment with anticoagulants should be considered.
Patients should be monitored for signs and symptoms of cardiac failure during IMBRUVICA treatment. In some of these cases cardiac failure resolved or improved after IMBRUVICA withdrawal or dose reduction.
Cerebrovascular accidents: Cases of cerebrovascular accident, transient ischaemic attack and ischaemic stroke including fatalities have been reported in patients treated with IMBRUVICA , with and without concomitant atrial fibrillation and/or hypertension. Among cases with reported latency, the initiation of treatment with IMBRUVICA to the onset of ischaemic central nervous vascular conditions was in the most cases after several months (more than 1 month in 78% and more than 6 months in 44% of cases) emphasising the need for regular monitoring of patients (see Cardiac arrhythmia as previously mentioned and Hypertension as follows and Adverse Reactions).
Tumour lysis syndrome: Tumour lysis syndrome has been reported with IMBRUVICA therapy. Patients at risk of tumour lysis syndrome are those with high tumour burden prior to treatment. Monitor patients closely and take appropriate precautions.
Non-melanoma skin cancer: Non-melanoma skin cancers were reported more frequently in patients treated with IMBRUVICA than in patients treated with comparators in pooled comparative randomised phase 3 studies. Monitor patients for the appearance of non-melanoma skin cancer.
Hypertension: Hypertension has occurred in patients treated with IMBRUVICA (see Adverse Reactions). Regularly monitor blood pressure in patients treated with IMBRUVICA and initiate or adjust antihypertensive medication throughout treatment with IMBRUVICA as appropriate.
Haemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH): Cases of HLH (including fatal cases) have been reported in patients treated with IMBRUVICA. HLH is a life-threatening syndrome of pathologic immune activation characterised by clinical signs and symptoms of extreme systemic inflammation. HLH is characterised by fever, hepatosplenomegaly, hypertriglyceridaemia, high serum ferritin and cytopenias. Patients should be informed about symptoms of HLH. Patients who develop early manifestations of pathologic immune activation should be evaluated immediately, and a diagnosis of HLH should be considered.
Drug-drug interactions: Co-administration of strong or moderate CYP3A4 inhibitors with IMBRUVICA may lead to increased ibrutinib exposure and consequently a higher risk for toxicity. On the contrary, co-administration of CYP3A4 inducers may lead to decreased IMBRUVICA exposure and consequently a risk for lack of efficacy. Therefore, concomitant use of IMBRUVICA with strong CYP3A4 inhibitors and strong or moderate CYP3A4 inducers should be avoided whenever possible and co-administration should only be considered when the potential benefits clearly outweigh the potential risks. Patients should be closely monitored for signs of IMBRUVICA toxicity if a CYP3A4 inhibitor must be used (see Dosage & Administration and Interactions). If a CYP3A4 inducer must be used, closely monitor patients for signs of IMBRUVICA lack of efficacy.
Women of childbearing potential: Women of childbearing potential must use a highly effective method of contraception while taking IMBRUVICA (see Use in Pregnancy & Lactation).
Excipients with known effect: Capsules: Each capsule contains less than 1 mmol sodium (23 mg), and is essentially sodium-free.
Tablets: Patients with rare hereditary problems of galactose intolerance, total lactase deficiency or glucose-galactose malabsorption should not take this medicinal product. Each film coated tablet contains less than 1 mmol sodium (23 mg), and is essentially sodium free.
Effects on ability to drive and use machines: IMBRUVICA has minor influence on the ability to drive and use machines.
Fatigue, dizziness and asthenia have been reported in some patients taking IMBRUVICA and should be considered when assessing a patient's ability to drive or operate machines.

Women of child-bearing potential/Contraception in females: Based on findings in animals, IMBRUVICA may cause foetal harm when administered to pregnant women. Women should avoid becoming pregnant while taking IMBRUVICA and for up to 3 months after ending treatment. Therefore, women of child-bearing potential must use highly effective contraceptive measures while taking IMBRUVICA and for three months after stopping treatment.
Pregnancy: IMBRUVICA should not be used during pregnancy. There are no data from the use of IMBRUVICA in pregnant women. Studies in animals have shown reproductive toxicity (see Pharmacology: Toxicology: Preclinical safety data under Actions).
Breast-feeding: It is not known whether ibrutinib or its metabolites are excreted in human milk. A risk to breast-fed children cannot be excluded. Breast-feeding should be discontinued during treatment with IMBRUVICA.
Fertility: No effects on fertility or reproductive capacities were observed in male or female rats up to the maximum dose tested, 100 mg/kg/day (Human Equivalent Dose [HED] 16 mg/kg/day) (see Pharmacology: Toxicology: Preclinical safety data under Actions). No human data on the effects of ibrutinib on fertility are available.

Summary of the safety profile: B-cell malignancies: The most commonly occurring adverse reactions (≥ 20%) were diarrhoea, neutropenia, musculoskeletal pain, rash, haemorrhage (e.g., bruising), thrombocytopenia, nausea, pyrexia, arthralgia and upper respiratory tract infection. The most common grade 3/4 adverse reactions (≥ 5%) were neutropenia, lymphocytosis, thrombocytopenia, pneumonia, and hypertension.
Tabulated list of adverse reactions: The safety profile is based on pooled data from 1552 patients treated with IMBRUVICA in three phase 2 clinical studies and seven randomised phase 3 studies and from post-marketing experience. Patients treated for MCL in clinical studies received IMBRUVICA at 560 mg once daily and patients treated for CLL or WM in clinical studies received IMBRUVICA at 420 mg once daily. All patients in clinical studies received IMBRUVICA until disease progression or no longer tolerated. The median duration of IMBRUVICA treatment across the pooled dataset was 17.4 months. The median duration of treatment for CLL/SLL was 18.2 months (up to 52 months); MCL was 11.7 months (up to 28 months); WM was 21.6 months (up to 37 months).
Adverse reactions in patients treated with ibrutinib for B-cell malignancies and post-marketing adverse reactions are listed as follows by system organ class and frequency grouping. Frequencies are defined as follows: very common (≥ 1/10), common (≥ 1/100 to < 1/10), uncommon (≥ 1/1,000 to < 1/100), rare (≥ 1/10,000 to < 1/1,000), not known (cannot be estimated from the available data). Within each frequency grouping, undesirable effects are presented in order of decreasing seriousness. (See Table 15.)

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Description of selected adverse reactions: Discontinuation and dose reduction due to adverse reactions: Of the 1552 patients treated with IMBRUVICA for B-cell malignancies, 6% discontinued treatment primarily due to adverse reactions. These included pneumonia, atrial fibrillation, thrombocytopenia, haemorrhage, neutropenia, rash, and athralgia. Adverse reactions leading to dose reduction occurred in approximately 8% of patients.
Elderly: Of the 1552 patients treated with IMBRUVICA, 52% were 65 years of age or older. Grade 3 or higher pneumonia (12% of patients age ≥65 versus 5% of patients <65 years) and thrombocytopenia (12% of patients age ≥65 years versus 6% of patients <65 years) occurred more frequently among elderly patients treated with IMBRUVICA.
Long-term safety: The safety data from long-term treatment with IMBRUVICA over 5 years from 1284 patients (treatment-naïve CLL/SLL n=162, relapsed/refractory CLL/SLL n=646, relapsed/refractory MCL n=370, and WM n=106) were analysed. The median duration of treatment for CLL/SLL was 51 months (range, 0.2 to 98 months) with 70% and 52% of patients receiving treatment for more than 2 years and 4 years, respectively. The median duration of treatment for MCL was 11 months (range, 0 to 87 months) with 31% and 17% of patients receiving treatment for more than 2 years and 4 years, respectively. The median duration of treatment for WM was 47 months (range, 0.3 to 61 months) with 78% and 46% of patients receiving treatment for more than 2 years and 4 years, respectively. The overall known safety profile of IMBRUVICA-exposed patients remained consistent, other than an increasing prevalence of hypertension, with no new safety concerns identified. The prevalence for Grade 3 or greater hypertension was 4% (year 0-1), 7% (year 1-2), 9% (year 2-3), 9% (year 3-4), and 9% (year 4-5); the overall incidence for the 5-year period was 11%.
Chronic graft versus host disease: The data described as follows reflect exposure to IMBRUVICA in an open-label clinical study that included 42 patients with cGVHD after failure of first line corticosteroid therapy and required additional therapy.
The most commonly occurring adverse reactions in the cGVHD study (≥ 20%) were fatigue, bruising, diarrhea, stomatitis, muscle spasms, nausea, hemorrhage, and pneumonia. Atrial fibrillation occurred in one patient (2%), which was Grade 3.
Discontinuation and dose reduction due to ARs: Twenty-four percent of patients receiving IMBRUVICA in the cGVHD trial discontinued treatment due to adverse reactions. Adverse reactions leading to dose reduction occurred in 26% of patients.
Adverse reactions described as follows in Table 15 reflect exposure to IMBRUVICA with a median duration of 4.4 months in the cGVHD study. (See Table 16.)

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Ibrutinib is primarily metabolised by cytochrome P450 enzyme 3A4 (CYP3A4).
Agents that may increase ibrutinib plasma concentrations: Concomitant use of IMBRUVICA and medicinal products that strongly or moderately inhibit CYP3A4 can increase ibrutinib exposure and strong CYP3A4 inhibitors should be avoided.
Strong CYP3A inhibitors: Co-administration of ketoconazole, a strong CYP3A inhibitor, in 18 healthy subjects, increased exposure (C_max and AUC_0-last) of ibrutinib by 29- and 24-fold, respectively. In a dedicated drug-drug interaction study in patients with B-cell malignancies, co-administration of voriconazole increased C_max and AUC by 6.7-fold and 5.7-fold, respectively. In clinical studies, the maximal observed ibrutinib exposure (AUC) was ≤ 2-fold in 37 patients treated with mild and/or moderate CYP3A inhibitors when compared with the ibrutinib exposure in 76 patients not treated concomitantly with CYP3A inhibitors. Clinical safety data in 66 patients treated with moderate (n=47) or strong CYP3A inhibitors (n=19) did not reveal meaningful increases in toxicities. Voriconazole and posaconazole can be used concomitantly with IMBRUVICA as per dose recommendations in the table as follows. All other strong inhibitors of CYP3A (e.g., ketoconazole, indinavir, nelfinavir, ritonavir, saquinavir, clarithromycin, telithromycin, itraconazole, nefazodone, and cobicistat) should be avoided and an alternative with less CYP3A inhibitory potential should be considered. If the benefit outweighs the risk and a strong CYP3A inhibitor must be used, see recommended dose modifications in the table as follows.
Moderate and mild CYP3A inhibitors: In patients with B-cell malignancies, co-administration of CYP3A inhibitor erythromycin increased C_max and AUC by 3.4-fold and 3.0-fold, respectively. If a moderate CYP3A inhibitor (e.g., fluconazole, erythromycin, amprenavir, aprepitant, atazanavir, ciprofloxacin, crizotinib, diltiazem, fosamprenavir, imatinib, verapamil, amiodarone, dronedarone) is indicated, reduce IMBRUVICA dose as per recommended dose modifications in the table as follows.
No dose adjustment is required in combination with mild inhibitors. Monitor patient closely for toxicity and follow dose modification guidance as needed. Avoid grapefruit and Seville oranges during IMBRUVICA treatment as these contain moderate inhibitors of CYP3A (see Dosage & Administration and Pharmacology: Pharmacokinetics under Actions).
Recommended dose modifications are described as follows: (See Table 17.)

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After discontinuation of a CYP3A inhibitor, resume previous dose of IMBRUVICA (see Dosage & Administration).
Agents that may decrease ibrutinib plasma concentrations: Administration of IMBRUVICA with inducers of CYP3A4 can decrease ibrutinib plasma concentrations.
Co-administration of rifampicin, a strong CYP3A4 inducer, in 18 fasted healthy subjects, decreased exposure (C_max and AUC) of ibrutinib by 92 and 90%, respectively. Avoid concomitant use of strong or moderate CYP3A4 inducers (e.g., carbamazepine, rifampicin, phenytoin). Preparations containing St. John's Wort are contraindicated during treatment with IMBRUVICA, as efficacy may be reduced. Consider alternative agents with less CYP3A4 induction. If the benefit outweighs the risk and a strong or moderate CYP3A4 inducer must be used, monitor patient closely for lack of efficacy (see Contraindications and Precautions). Mild inducers may be used concomitantly with IMBRUVICA, however, patients should be monitored for potential lack of efficacy.
Ibrutinib has a pH dependent solubility, with lower solubility at higher pH. A lower C_max was observed in fasted healthy subjects administered a single 560 mg dose of ibrutinib after taking omeprazole at 40 mg once daily for 5 days (see Pharmacology: Pharmacokinetics under Actions). There is no evidence that the lower C_max would have clinical significance, and medicinal products that increase stomach pH (e.g., proton pump inhibitors) have been used without restrictions in the pivotal clinical studies.
Agents that may have their plasma concentrations altered by ibrutinib: Ibrutinib is a P-gp and breast cancer resistance protein (BCRP) inhibitor in vitro. As no clinical data are available on this interaction, it cannot be excluded that ibrutinib could inhibit intestinal P-gp and BCRP after a therapeutic dose. To minimise the potential for an interaction in the GI tract, oral narrow therapeutic range, P-gp or BCRP substrates such as digoxin or methotrexate should be taken at least 6 hours before or after IMBRUVICA. Ibrutinib may also inhibit BCRP in the liver and increase the exposure of medicinal products that undergo BCRP-mediated hepatic efflux, such as rosuvastatin.
In a drug interaction study in patients with B-cell malignancies, a single 560 mg dose of ibrutinib did not have a clinically meaningful effect on the exposure of the CYP3A4 substrate midazolam. In the same study, 2 weeks of treatment with ibrutinib at 560 mg daily had no clinically relevant effect on the pharmacokinetics of oral contraceptives (ethinylestradiol and levonorgestrel), the CYP3A4 substrate midazolam, nor the CYP2B6 substrate bupropion.

Incompatibilities: Not applicable.
Special precautions for disposal: Any unused medicinal product or waste material should be disposed of in accordance with local requirements.

Store below 30°C.
Shelf life: Capsules: 3 years.
Film-coated tablets: 2 years.

Targeted Cancer Therapy

L01EL01 - ibrutinib ; Belongs to the class of Bruton's tyrosine kinase (BTK) inhibitors. Used in the treatment of cancer.

B