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Pregnancy: There are no adequate data from the use of fentanyl in pregnant women. Fentanyl can cross the placenta in early pregnancy. The potential risk for humans is unknown.
Administration during childbirth (including Caesarean section) is not recommended because fentanyl crosses the placenta and may suppress spontaneous respiration in the newborn period. If fentanyl is administered, assisted ventilation equipment must be immediately available for the mother and infant if required. An opioid antagonist for the child must always be available.
Lactation: Fentanyl is excreted into human milk. Therefore breast-feeding or use of expressed breast milk is not recommended within 24 hours of treatment. The risk/benefit of breast-feeding following fentanyl administration should be considered.
Fertility: There are no clinical data on the effects of fentanyl on male or female fertility. In animal studies, some tests on rats showed reduced female fertility at maternal toxic doses.
