Halaven

Eribulin mesilate.

One ml contains 0.5 mg eribulin mesilate.
Each 2 ml vial contains 1.0 mg eribulin mesilate.
Non Proprietary name: Eribulin Mesilate.
Chemical name:((2R,3R,3aS,7R,8aS,9S,10aR,11S,12R,13aR,13bS,15S,18S,21S, 24S,26R,28R,29aS)-2- [(2S) -3- Amino-2-hydroxypropyl] -3-methoxy-26- methyl- 20,27-dimethylidenehexacosahydro-11,15:18,21:24, 28-triepoxy- 7,9-ethano-12,15-methano-9H,15H-furo[3,2-i]furo[2',3':5,6]pyrano[4,3-b][1,4] dioxacyclopentacosin-5(4H) -one monomethanesulfonate.
Molecular formula: C40H59NO11·CH4O3S.
Molecular weight: 826.00.
Eribulin mesilate is a white powder and freely soluble in water, methanol, ethanol, 1-octanol, benzyl alcohol, dichloromethane, dimethylsulfoxide, N-methylpyrrolidone and ethyl acetate. It is soluble in acetone, sparingly soluble in acetonitrile and practically insoluble in tert-butyl methyl ether, n-hepatane and n-pentane.
Melting point: about 160°C (with decomposition).
Partition coefficient: 2.25 (Octanol:buffer, ion strength 0.3).
Excipients/Inactive Ingredients: Ethanol anhydrous, Water for injections, Hydrochloric acid (for pH-adjustment), Sodium hydroxide (for pH-adjustment).

Pharmacotherapeutic Group: Other antineoplastic agents. ATC Code: L01XX41.
Pharmacology: Pharmacodynamics: HALAVEN (eribulin mesilate) is a microtubule dynamics inhibitor belonging to the halichondrin class of antineoplastic agents. It is a structurally simplified synthetic analogue of halichondrin B, a natural product isolated from the marine sponge Halichondria okadai.
Eribulin inhibits the growth phase of microtubules without affecting the shortening phase and sequesters tubulin into non-productive aggregates. Eribulin exerts its effects via a tubulin-based antimitotic mechanism leading to G₂/M cell-cycle block, disruption of mitotic spindles, and, ultimately, apoptotic cell death after prolonged and irreversible mitotic blockage.
In addition, eribulin treatment of human breast cancer cells caused changes in morphology and gene expression as well as decreased migration and invasiveness in vitro. In mouse xenograft models of human breast cancer, eribulin treatment was associated with increased vascular perfusion and permeability in the tumor cores, resulting in reduced tumor hypoxia, and changes in the expression of genes in tumor specimens associated with a change in phenotype.
Clinical efficacy: Breast Cancer: The efficacy of HALAVEN in breast cancer is primarily supported by two randomized Phase 3 comparative studies.
The 762 patients in the pivotal Phase 3 EMBRACE study (Study 305) had locally recurrent or metastatic breast cancer, and had previously received at least two and a maximum of five chemotherapy regimens, including an anthracycline and a taxane (unless contraindicated). Patients must have progressed within 6 months of their last chemotherapeutic regimen. The HER2 status of the patients was: 16.1% positive, 74.2% negative and 9.7% unknown, whilst 18.9% of patients were triple negative. They were randomized 2:1 to receive either HALAVEN, or treatment of physician's choice (TPC), which consisted of 97% chemotherapy (26% vinorelbine, 18% gemcitabine, 18% capecitabine, 16% taxane, 9% anthracycline, 10% other chemotherapy), or 3% hormonal therapy.
The study met its primary endpoint with an overall survival result that was statistically significantly better in the eribulin group compared to TPC at 55% of events.
This result was confirmed with an updated overall survival analysis carried out at 77% of events. (See Figure 1.)

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By independent review, the median progression free survival (PFS) was 3.7 months for eribulin compared to 2.2 months for the TPC arm (HR 0.865, 95% CI: 0.714, 1.048, p=0.137). In response evaluable patients, the objective response rate by the RECIST criteria was 12.2% (95% CI: 9.4%, 15.5%) by independent review for the eribulin arm compared to 4.7% (95% CI: 2.3%, 8.4%) for the TPC arm.
The positive effect on OS was seen in both taxane-refractory and non-refractory groups of patients. In the OS update, the HR for eribulin versus TPC was 0.90 (95% CI: 0.71, 1.14) in favour of eribulin for taxane-refractory patients and 0.73 (95% CI: 0.56, 0.96) for patients not taxane-refractory.
The positive effect on OS was seen both in capecitabine-naïve and in capecitabine pre-treated patient groups. The updated OS analysis showed a survival benefit for the eribulin group compared to TPC both in capecitabine pre-treated patients with a HR of 0.787 (95% CI: 0.645, 0.961), and for the capecitabine-naïve patients with a corresponding HR of 0.865 (95% CI: 0.606, 1.233).
The second Phase 3 study in earlier line metastatic breast cancer, Study 301, was an open-label, randomized, study in patients (n=1102) with locally advanced or metastatic breast cancer to investigate the efficacy of HALAVEN monotherapy compared to capecitabine monotherapy in terms of OS and PFS as co-primary endpoint. Patients had previously received up to three prior chemotherapy regimens, including both an anthracycline and a taxane and a maximum of two for advanced disease, with the percentage who had received 0, 1 or 2 prior chemotherapy treatments for metastatic breast cancer being 20.0%, 52.0% or 27.2% respectively. The HER2 status of the patients was: 15.3% positive, 68.5% negative and 16.2% unknown, whilst 25.8% of patients were triple negative. (See Figure 2.)

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Progression free survival assessed by independent review was similar between eribulin and capecitabine with medians of 4.1 months vs 4.2 months (HR 1.08; [95% CI: 0.932, 1.250]) respectively. Objective response rate as assessed by independent review was also similar between eribulin and capecitabine; 11.0% (95% CI: 8.5, 13.9) in the eribulin group and 11.5% (95% CI: 8.9, 14.5) in the capecitabine group. The overall survival in patients in HER2 negative and HER2 positive patients in the eribulin and control groups in Study 305 and Study 301 is shown as follows: (See Table 1 and Table 2.)

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Liposarcoma: In liposarcoma the efficacy of eribulin is supported by the pivotal Phase 3 sarcoma study (Study 309). The patients in this study (n=452) had locally recurrent, inoperable and/or metastatic soft tissue sarcoma of one of two subtypes - leiomyosarcoma or liposarcoma. Patients had received at least two prior chemotherapy regimens, one of which must have been an anthracycline (unless contraindicated).
Patients must have progressed within 6 months of their last chemotherapeutic regimen. They were randomized 1:1 to receive either eribulin 1.23 mg/m² on days 1 and 8 of a 21 day cycle or dacarbazine 850 mg/m², 1000 mg/m² or 1200 mg/m² (dose determined by the investigator prior to randomization), every 21 days.
In Study 309, a statistically significant improvement in OS was observed in patients randomized to the eribulin arm compared to the control arm. This translated into a 2 month improvement in median OS (13.5 months for eribulin treated patients vs. 11.5 months for dacarbazine treated patients). There was no significant difference in progression-free survival or overall response rate between the treatment arms in the overall population.
Treatment effects of eribulin were limited to patients with liposarcoma (45% dedifferentiated, 37% myxoid/round cell and 18% pleomorphic in Study 309) based on pre-planned subgroup analyses of OS and PFS. There was no difference in efficacy between eribulin and dacarbazine in patients with advanced or metastatic leiomyosarcoma. (See Table 3, Figure 3 and Figure 4.)

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Paediatric population: Breast Cancer: The European Medicines Agency has waived the obligation to submit the results of studies with eribulin in all subsets of the paediatric population in the indication of breast cancer.
Soft Tissue Sarcoma: Efficacy of eribulin was assessed but not established in three open-label studies: Study 113 was a Phase 1, open-label, multicentre, dose-finding study that assessed eribulin in paediatric patients with refractory or recurrent solid tumours and lymphomas but excluding CNS tumours. A total of 22 paediatric patients (age range: 3 to 17 years) were enrolled and treated. The patients were administered eribulin intravenously on Days 1 and 8 of a 21-day cycle at three dose levels (0.97, 1.23 and 1.58 mg/m²). The maximum tolerated dose (MTD)/recommended Phase 2 dose (RP2D) of eribulin was determined as 1.23 mg/m² on Days 1 and 8 of a 21-day cycle.
Study 223 was a Phase 2, open-label, multicentre study that assessed the safety and preliminary activity of eribulin in paediatric patients with refractory or recurrent rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS), non-rhabdomyosarcoma soft tissue sarcoma (NRSTS) or Ewing sarcoma (EWS). Twenty-one paediatric patients (age range: 2 to 17 years) were enrolled and treated with eribulin at a dose of 1.23 mg/m² intravenously on Days 1 and 8 of a 21-day cycle (the RP2D from Study 113). No patient achieved confirmed partial response (PR) or complete response (CR).
Study 213 was a Phase 1/2, open-label, multicentre study to evaluate the safety and efficacy of eribulin in combination with irinotecan hydrochloride in paediatric patients with relapsed/refractory solid tumours and lymphomas but excluding CNS tumours (Phase 1), and to assess the efficacy of the combination treatment in paediatric patients with relapsed/refractory RMS, NRSTS and EWS (Phase 2). A total of 40 paediatric patients were enrolled and treated in this study. In Phase 1, 13 paediatric patients (age range: 4 to 17 years) were enrolled and treated; the RP2D was determined as eribulin 1.23 mg/m² on Days 1 and 8 with irinotecan hydrochloride 40 mg/m² on Days 1 to 5 of a 21-day cycle. In Phase 2, 27 paediatric patients (age range: 4 to 17 years) were enrolled and treated at the RP2D. Three patients had confirmed PR (1 patient in each of the RMS, NRSTS, and EWS histology cohorts). The objective response rate (ORR) was 11.1%.
No new safety signals were observed in the three paediatric studies (see Adverse Reactions); however, due to the small patient populations no firm conclusions can be made.
Pharmacokinetics: Distribution: The pharmacokinetics of eribulin are characterized by a rapid distribution phase followed by a prolonged elimination phase, with a mean terminal half-life of approximately 40 h. It has a large volume of distribution (range of means 43 to 114 l/m²).
Eribulin is weakly bound to plasma proteins. The plasma protein binding of eribulin (100-1000 ng/ml) ranged from 49% to 65% in human plasma.
Biotransformation: Unchanged eribulin was the major circulating species in plasma following administration of ¹⁴C-eribulin to patients. Metabolite concentrations represented <0.6% of parent compound, confirming that there are no major human metabolites of eribulin.
Elimination: Eribulin has a low clearance (range of means 1.16 to 2.42 l/h/m²). No significant accumulation of eribulin is observed on weekly administration. The pharmacokinetic properties are not dose or time dependent in the range of eribulin doses of 0.22 to 3.53 mg/m².
Eribulin is eliminated primarily by biliary excretion. The transport protein involved in the excretion is presently unknown. Preclinical in vitro studies indicate that eribulin is transported by Pgp. However it has been shown that at clinically relevant concentrations eribulin is not a Pgp inhibitor in vitro. Additionally, in vivo, concomitant administration of ketoconazole, a Pgp inhibitor, has no effect on eribulin exposure (AUC and C_max). In vitro studies have also indicated that eribulin is not a substrate for OCT1.
After administration of ¹⁴C-eribulin to patients, approximately 82% of the dose was eliminated in faeces and 9% in urine indicating that renal clearance is not a significant route of eribulin elimination.
Unchanged eribulin represented most of the total radioactivity in faeces and urine.
Hepatic impairment: A study evaluated the pharmacokinetics of eribulin in patients with mild (Child-Pugh A; n=7) and moderate (Child-Pugh B; n=4) hepatic impairment due to liver metastases. Compared to patients with normal hepatic function (n=6), eribulin exposure increased 1.8-fold and 3-fold in patients with mild and moderate hepatic impairment, respectively. Administration of HALAVEN at a dose of 0.97 mg/m² to patients with mild hepatic impairment and 0.62 mg/m² to patients with moderate hepatic impairment resulted in a somewhat higher exposure than after a dose of 1.23 mg/m² to patients with normal hepatic function. HALAVEN was not studied in patients with severe hepatic impairment (Child-Pugh C). There is no study in patients with hepatic impairment due to cirrhosis. See Dosage & Administration for dosage recommendation.
Renal impairment: Increased eribulin exposure was seen in some patients with moderately or severely impaired renal function, with high between-subject variability. The pharmacokinetics of eribulin were evaluated in a Phase 1 study in patients with normal renal function (Creatinine clearance: ≥ 80 ml/min; n=6), moderate (30-50 ml/min; n=7) or severe (15-<30 ml/min; n=6) renal impairment. Creatinine clearance was estimated with the Cockcroft-Gault formula. A 1.5-fold (90% CI: 0.9-2.5) higher dose-normalised AUC(0-inf) was observed in patients with moderate and severe renal impairment. See Dosage & Administration for treatment recommendations.
Paediatric population: Eribulin plasma concentrations were collected from 83 paediatric patients (age range: 2 to 17 years), with refractory/relapsed and recurrent solid tumours and lymphomas, who received eribulin in Studies 113, 213 and 223. Eribulin PK in paediatric patients was comparable to adult patients with STS and patients with other types of tumour. Eribulin exposure in paediatric patients was similar to exposure in adult patients. Concomitant irinotecan did not have an effect on eribulin PK in paediatric patients with refractory/relapsed and recurrent solid tumours.
Toxicology: Preclinical safety data: Eribulin was not mutagenic in vitro in the bacterial reverse mutation assay (Ames test). Eribulin was positive in the mouse lymphoma mutagenesis assay and was clastogenic in the in vivo rat micronucleus assay.
No carcinogenicity studies have been conducted with eribulin.
A fertility study was not conducted with eribulin, but based on non-clinical findings in repeated-dose studies where testicular toxicity was observed in both rats (hypocellularity of seminiferous epithelium with hypospermia/aspermia) and dogs, male fertility may be compromised by treatment with eribulin. An embryofoetal development study in rat confirmed the developmental toxicity and teratogenic potential of eribulin. Pregnant rats were treated with eribulin mesilate equivalent to 0.009, 0.027, 0.088 and 0.133 mg/kg eribulin at gestation days 8, 10 and 12. Dose related increased number of resorptions and decreased foetal weight were observed at doses ≥ 0.088 mg/kg and increased incidence of malformations (absence of lower jaw, tongue, stomach and spleen) was recorded at 0.133 mg/kg.

Breast cancer: HALAVEN monotherapy is indicated for the treatment of patients with locally advanced or metastatic breast cancer who have progressed after at least two chemotherapeutic regimens for advanced disease (see Pharmacology: Pharmacodynamics: CLINICAL STUDIES under Actions). Prior therapy should have included an anthracycline and a taxane unless patients were not suitable for these treatments.
HALAVEN is indicated as monotherapy for the treatment of locally advanced or metastatic HER2 negative breast cancer after failure of one chemotherapeutic regimen for advanced disease. Patients should have received an anthracycline and a taxane unless these treatments were not suitable.
Soft Tissue Sarcoma (Liposarcoma): HALAVEN is indicated for the treatment of inoperable liposarcoma after progression following prior chemotherapy for advanced or metastatic disease in adults. Patients should have received two previous chemotherapy treatments, one of which should have included an anthracycline, unless this treatment is unsuitable.

HALAVEN should only be administered under the supervision of a qualified physician experienced in the appropriate use of cytotoxic medicinal products.
Posology: The recommended dose of eribulin mesilate as the ready to use solution is 1.4 mg/m² which should be administered intravenously over 2 to 5 minutes on Days 1 and 8 of every 21-day cycle.
Please note: In the EU the recommended dose refers to the base of the active substance (eribulin). Calculation of the individual dose to be administered to a patient must be based on the strength of the ready to use solution that contains 0.44 mg/ml eribulin and the dose recommendation of 1.23 mg/m². The dose reduction recommendations shown as follows are also shown as the dose of eribulin to be administered based on the strength of the ready to use solution.
In the pivotal trials, the corresponding publication and in some other regions e.g. the US and Switzerland, the recommended dose is based on the salt form (eribulin mesilate).
Patients may experience nausea or vomiting. Antiemetic prophylaxis including corticosteroids should be considered.
Dose delays during therapy: The administration of HALAVEN should be delayed on Day 1 or Day 8 for any of the following: Absolute neutrophil count (ANC) < 1 x 10⁹/l; Platelets < 75 x 10⁹/l; Grade 3 or 4 non-hematological toxicities.
Dose reduction during therapy: Dose reduction recommendations for retreatment are shown in the following table. (See Table 4.)

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Do not re-escalate the eribulin mesilate dose after it has been reduced.
Patients with hepatic impairment: Impaired liver function due to metastases: The recommended dose of eribulin mesilate in patients with mild hepatic impairment (Child-Pugh A) is 1.1 mg/m² administered intravenously over 2 to 5 minutes on Days 1 and 8 of a 21-day cycle. The recommended dose of eribulin mesilate in patients with moderate hepatic impairment (Child-Pugh B) is 0.7 mg/m² administered intravenously over 2 to 5 minutes on Days 1 and 8 of a 21-day cycle.
Severe hepatic impairment (Child-Pugh C) has not been studied but it is expected that a more marked dose reduction is needed if eribulin is used in these patients.
Impaired liver function due to cirrhosis: This patient group has not been studied. The doses as previously mentioned may be used in mild and moderate impairment but close monitoring is advised as the doses may need readjustment.
Patients with renal impairment: Some patients with moderately or severely impaired renal function (creatinine clearance <50 ml/min) may have increased eribulin exposure and may need a reduction of the dose. For all patients with renal impairment, caution and close safety monitoring is advised. (See Pharmacology: Pharmacokinetics under Actions).
Elderly patients: No specific dose adjustments are recommended based on the age of the patient (see PRECAUTIONS).
Paediatric population: There is no relevant use of HALAVEN in children and adolescents for the indication of breast cancer.
The safety and effectiveness of Halaven in pediatric patients below the age of 18 years have not been established.
Method of administration: HALAVEN is for intravenous use. The dose may be diluted in up to 100 ml of sodium chloride 9 mg/ml (0.9%) solution for injection. It should not be diluted in glucose 5% infusion solution. For instructions on the dilution of the medicinal product before administration, (see Cautions for Usage). Good peripheral venous access, or a patent central line, should be ensured prior to administration. There is no evidence that eribulin mesilate is a vesicant or an irritant. In the event of extravasation, treatment should be symptomatic. For information relevant to the handling of cytotoxic drugs (see Cautions for Usage).

In one case of overdose the patient inadvertently received 8.6mg of eribulin mesilate (approximately 4 times the planned dose) and subsequently developed a hypersensitivity reaction (Grade 3) on Day 3 and neutropenia (Grade 3) on Day 7. Both adverse reactions resolved with supportive care.
There is no known antidote for eribulin overdose. In the event of an overdose, the patient should be closely monitored. Management of overdose should include supportive medical interventions to treat the presenting clinical manifestations.

Hypersensitivity to the active substances or to any of the excipients.
Breast-feeding.

Haematology: Myelosuppression is dose dependent and primarily manifested as neutropenia (see Adverse Reactions). Monitoring of complete blood counts should be performed on all patients prior to each dose of eribulin. Treatment with eribulin should only be initiated in patients with ANC values ≥ 1.5 x 10⁹/l and platelets > 100 x 10⁹/l.
Febrile neutropenia occurred in < 5% of patients treated with eribulin. Patients experiencing febrile neutropenia, severe neutropenia or thrombocytopenia, should be treated according to the recommendations in Dosage & Administration.
Patients with alanine aminotransferase (ALT) or aspartate aminotransferase (AST) >3 x upper limit of normal (ULN) experienced a higher incidence of Grade 4 neutropenia and febrile neutropenia. Although data are limited, patients with bilirubin >1.5 x ULN also have a higher incidence of Grade 4 neutropenia and febrile neutropenia.
Fatal cases of febrile neutropenia, neutropenic sepsis, sepsis and septic shock have been reported.
Severe neutropenia may be managed by the use of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) or equivalent at the physician's discretion in accordance with relevant guidelines (see Pharmacology: Pharmacodynamics under Actions).
Peripheral neuropathy: Patients should be closely monitored for signs of peripheral motor and sensory neuropathy. The development of severe peripheral neurotoxicity requires a delay or reduction of dose (see Dosage & Administration).
In clinical trials, patients with pre-existing neuropathy greater than Grade 2 were excluded. However, patients with pre-existing neuropathy Grade 1 or 2 were no more likely to develop new or worsening symptoms than those who entered the study without the condition.
QT prolongation: In an uncontrolled open-label ECG study in 26 patients, QT prolongation was observed on Day 8, independent of eribulin concentration, with no QT prolongation observed on Day 1. ECG monitoring is recommended if therapy is initiated in patients with congestive heart failure, bradyarrhythmias or concomitant treatment with medicinal products known to prolong the QT interval, including Class Ia and III antiarrhythmics, and electrolyte abnormalities. Hypokalemia or hypomagnesemia should be corrected prior to initiating HALAVEN and these electrolytes should be monitored periodically during therapy. Eribulin should be avoided in patients with congenital long QT syndrome.
Excipients: This medicinal product contains small amounts of ethanol (alcohol), less than 100 mg per dose.
Effects on ability to drive and use machines: HALAVEN may cause adverse reactions such as tiredness and dizziness which may lead to a minor or moderate influence on the ability to drive or use machines. Patients should be advised not to drive or use machines if they feel tired or dizzy.

Pregnancy: There are no data from the use of eribulin in pregnant women. Eribulin is embryotoxic, foetotoxic, and teratogenic in rats. HALAVEN should not be used during pregnancy unless clearly necessary and after a careful consideration of the needs of the mother and the risk to the foetus.
Women of childbearing potential must be advised to avoid becoming pregnant whilst they or their male partner are receiving HALAVEN and have to use effective contraception during and up to 3 months after treatment.
Breast-feeding: It is unknown whether eribulin/metabolites are excreted in human or animal breast milk. A risk to newborns/infants cannot be excluded and therefore HALAVEN must not be used during breast-feeding (see Contraindications).
Fertility: Testicular toxicity has been observed in rats and dogs (see Pharmacology: Toxicology: Preclinical safety data under Actions). Male patients should seek advice on conservation of sperm prior to treatment because of the possibility of irreversible infertility due to therapy with HALAVEN.

Summary of safety profile: The most commonly reported undesirable effects related to HALAVEN, are bone marrow suppression manifested as neutropenia, leucopenia, anaemia, thrombocytopenia with associated infections. New onset or worsening of pre-existing peripheral neuropathy has also been reported. Gastrointestinal toxicities, manifested as anorexia, nausea, vomiting, diarrhoea, constipation, and stomatitis are among reported undesirable effects. Other undesirable effects include fatigue, alopecia, increased liver enzymes, sepsis and musculoskeletal pain syndrome.
Tabulated list of adverse reactions: Unless otherwise noted, the table shows the incidence rates of adverse reactions observed in breast cancer and soft tissue sarcoma patients who received the recommended dose in Phase 2 and Phase 3 studies.
Frequency categories are defined as: very common (≥ 1/10), common (≥ 1/100 to < 1/10), uncommon (≥ 1/1,000 to < 1/100), rare (≥ 1/10,000 to < 1/1,000) and very rare (< 1/10,000).
Within each frequency grouping, undesirable effects are presented in order of decreasing frequency. Where Grade 3 or 4 reactions occurred, the actual total frequency and the frequency of Grade 3 or 4 reactions are given. (See Table 5.)

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Overall, the safety profiles in the breast cancer and soft tissue sarcoma patient populations were similar.
Description of selected adverse reactions: Neutropenia: The neutropenia observed was reversible and not cumulative; the mean time to nadir was 13 days and the mean time to recovery from severe neutropenia (< 0.5 x 10⁹/l) was 8 days.
Neutrophil counts of < 0.5 x 10⁹/l that lasted for more than 7 days occurred in 13% of breast cancer patients treated with eribulin in the EMBRACE study.
Neutropenia was reported as a Treatment Emergent Adverse Event (TEAE) in 151/404 (37.4% for all grades) in the sarcoma population, compared with 902/1559 (57.9% for all grades) in the breast cancer population. The combined grouped TEAE and neutrophil laboratory abnormality frequencies were 307/404 (76.0%) and 1314/1559 (84.3%), respectively. The median duration of treatment was 12.0 weeks for sarcoma patients and 15.9 weeks for breast cancer patients.
Fatal cases of febrile neutropenia, neutropenic sepsis, sepsis and septic shock have been reported. Out of 1963 breast cancer and soft tissue sarcoma patients who received eribulin at the recommended dose in clinical trials there was one fatal event each of neutropenic sepsis (0.1%) and febrile neutropenia (0.1%). In addition there were 3 fatal events of sepsis (0.2%) and one of septic shock (0.1%).
Severe neutropenia may be managed by the use of G-CSF or equivalent at the physician's discretion in accordance with relevant guidelines. 18% and 13% of eribulin treated patients received G-CSF in the two phase 3 breast cancer studies (Studies 305 and 301, respectively). In the phase 3 sarcoma study (Study 309), 26% of the eribulin treated patients received G-CSF.
Neutropenia resulted in discontinuation in < 1% of patients receiving eribulin.
Disseminated intravascular coagulation: Cases of disseminated intravascular coagulation have been reported, typically in association with neutropenia and/or sepsis.
Peripheral neuropathy: In the 1559 breast cancer patients the most common adverse reaction resulting in discontinuation of treatment with eribulin was peripheral neuropathy (3.4%). The median time to Grade 2 peripheral neuropathy was 12.6 weeks (post 4 cycles). Out of the 404 sarcoma patients, 2 patients discontinued treatment with eribulin due to peripheral neuropathy. The median time to Grade 2 peripheral neuropathy was 18.4 weeks.
Development of Grade 3 or 4 peripheral neuropathy occurred in 7.4% of breast cancer patients and 3.5% of sarcoma patients. In clinical trials, patients with pre-existing neuropathy were as likely to develop new or worsening symptoms as those who entered the study without the condition.
In breast cancer patients with pre-existing Grade 1 or 2 peripheral neuropathy the frequency of treatment-emergent Grade 3 peripheral neuropathy was 14%.
Hepatoxicity: In some patients with normal/abnormal liver enzymes prior treatment with eribulin, increased levels of liver enzymes have been reported with initiation of eribulin treatment. Such elevations appeared to have occurred early with eribulin treatment in cycle 1 - 2 for the majority of these patients and whilst thought likely to be a phenomenon of adaptation to eribulin treatment by the liver and not a sign of significant liver toxicity in most patients, hepatotoxicity has also been reported.
Special populations: Elderly population: Of the 1559 breast cancer patients treated with the recommended dose of eribulin, 283 patients (18.2%) were ≥ 65 years of age. In the 404 sarcoma patient population, 90 patients (22.3%) treated with eribulin were ≥ 65 years of age. The safety profile of eribulin in elderly patients (≥ 65 years of age) was similar to that of patients <65 years of age except for asthenia/fatigue which showed an increasing trend with age. No dose adjustments are recommended for the elderly population.
Patients with hepatic impairment: Patients with ALT or AST > 3 x ULN experienced a higher incidence of Grade 4 neutropenia and febrile neutropenia. Although data are limited, patients with bilirubin > 1.5 x ULN also have a higher incidence of Grade 4 neutropenia and febrile neutropenia (see also Dosage & Administration and Pharmacology: Pharmacokinetics under Actions).
Paediatric population: Three open-label studies, Studies 113, 213 and 223, were conducted in paediatric patients with refractory or recurrent solid tumours and lymphomas, but excluding central nervous system (CNS) tumours (see Pharmacology: Pharmacodynamics under Actions).
The safety of eribulin monotherapy was evaluated in 43 paediatric patients who received up to 1.58 mg/m² on Days 1 and 8 of a 21-day cycle (Studies 113 and 223). The safety of eribulin in combination with irinotecan was also evaluated in 40 paediatric patients who received eribulin 1.23 mg/m² on Days 1 and 8 and irinotecan 20 or 40 mg/m² on Days 1 to 5 of a 21-day cycle, or 100 or 125 mg/m² on Days 1 and 8 of a 21-day cycle (Study 213).
In Study 113 (Phase 1), the most frequently reported adverse drug reactions were white blood cell count decreased, lymphocyte count decreased, anaemia and neutrophil count decreased.
In Study 213 (Phase 1/2), the most frequently reported adverse drug reactions were neutropenia (Phase 1) and diarrhoea and neutrophil count decreased (Phase 2).
In Study 223 (Phase 2), the most frequently reported adverse drug reactions were neutrophil count decreased, anaemia, and white blood cell count decreased.
The safety profile of eribulin as monotherapy or in combination with irinotecan hydrochloride in this paediatric population was consistent with the known safety profile of either study drug in the adult population.
Reporting of suspected adverse reactions: Reporting suspected adverse reactions after authorisation of the medicinal product is important. It allows continued monitoring of the benefit/risk balance of the medicinal product. Healthcare professionals are asked to report any suspected adverse reactions via the national reporting system.

Eribulin is mainly (up to 70%) eliminated through biliary excretion. The transport protein involved in this process is unknown. Eribulin is not a substrate of breast cancer resistance protein (BCRP), organic anion (OAT1, OAT3, OATP1B1, OATP1B3), multi-drug resistance-associated protein (MRP2, MRP4) and bile salt export pump (BSEP) transporters.
No drug-drug interactions are expected with CYP3A4 inhibitors and inducers. Eribulin exposure (AUC and C_max) was unaffected by ketoconazole, a CYP3A4 and P glycoprotein (Pgp) inhibitor, and rifampicin, a CYP3A4 inducer.
Effects of eribulin on the pharmacokinetics of other medicines: In vitro data indicate that eribulin is a mild inhibitor of the important drug metabolising enzyme CYP3A4. No in vivo data are available. Caution and monitoring for adverse events is recommended with concomitant use of substances that have a narrow therapeutic window and that are eliminated mainly via CYP3A4-mediated metabolism (eg alfentanil, cyclosporine, ergotamine, fentanyl, pimozide, quinidine, sirolimus, tacrolimus).
Eribulin does not inhibit the CYP enzymes CYP1A2, 2B6, 2C8, 2C9, 2C19, 2D6 or 2E1 at relevant clinical concentrations.
At relevant clinical concentrations, eribulin did not inhibit BCRP, OCT1, OCT2, OAT1, OAT3, OATP1B1 and OATP1B3 transporter-mediated activity.

Incompatibilities: In the absence of compatibility studies, this medicinal product must not be mixed with other medicinal products except those mentioned in Dosage & Administration.
Disposal and other handling: HALAVEN is a cytotoxic anticancer medicinal product and, as with other toxic compounds, caution should be exercised in its handling. The use of gloves, goggles, and protective clothing is recommended. If the skin comes into contact with the solution it should be washed immediately and thoroughly with soap and water. If it contacts mucous membranes, the membranes should be flushed thoroughly with water.
HALAVEN should only be prepared and administered by personnel appropriately trained in handling of cytotoxic agents. Pregnant staff should not handle HALAVEN.
Using aseptic technique HALAVEN can be diluted up to 100 ml with sodium chloride 9 mg/ml (0.9%) solution for injection. It must not be mixed with other medicinal products and should not be diluted in glucose 5% infusion solution.
Any unused product or waste material should be disposed of in accordance with local requirements.

Do not store above 25°C.
If not used immediately HALAVEN as the undiluted solution in a syringe should not normally be stored longer than 4 hours at 25°C and ambient lighting, or 24 hours at 2°C - 8°C.
Diluted solutions of HALAVEN (0.018 mg/ml to 0.18 mg/ml eribulin in sodium chloride 9 mg/ml (0.9%)) solution for injection should not be stored longer than 24 hours at 2°C ‑ 8°C, unless dilution has taken place in controlled and validated aseptic conditions.
Expiration data: HALAVEN should be used before the expiration date indicated on the package.
From a microbiological point of view unless the method of opening precludes the risk of microbial contamination the product should be used immediately.
If not used immediately, in-use storage times and conditions are the responsibility of the user.

Cytotoxic Chemotherapy

L01XX41 - eribulin ; Belongs to the class of other antineoplastic agents. Used in the treatment of cancer.

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