Cardiac failure, patient w/ history of MI who has either asymptomatic ventricular ectopics or asymptomatic non-sustained ventricular tachycardia. Long-standing atrial fibrillation w/ no attempt to convert to sinus rhythm, haemodynamically significant valvular heart disease. Sinus nodal dysfunction, atrial conduction defects, 2nd degree or greater AV block, bundle branch block or distal block.