Carbonic anhydrase inhibitor.
Pharmacokinetics: Acetazolamide is fairly rapidly absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract with peak plasma concentrations occurring about 2 hrs after administration by mouth. It has been estimated to have a plasma half-life of about 3-6 hrs. It is tightly bound to carbonic anhydrase and high concentrations are present in tissues containing this enzyme, particularly RBCs and the renal cortex; it is highly bound to plasma proteins. It is excreted unchanged in the urine.
Management of glaucoma, epilepsy, congestive heart failure and induced edema.
Chronic Simple Glaucoma: 250 mg-1 g/24 hrs in divided doses.
Secondary Glaucoma/Preoperative Treatment of Some Cases of Acute Congestive Glaucoma: 250 mg 4 hrly. In some acute cases, an initial dose of 500 mg then 125-250 mg 4 hrly.
Epilepsy: 8-30 mg/kg in divided doses. Max: 375-1000 mg daily.
Congestive Heart Failure: 250-375 mg once daily in the morning.
Drug-induced Edema: 250-375 mg once a day for 1-2 days, alternating with a day of rest.
Depressed sodium and/or potassium blood serum levels, marked kidney or liver disease; suprarenal gland failure; hyperchloraemic acidosis; cirrhosis. Long-term administration in patients with chronic non-congestive angle-closure glaucoma.
Pulmonary obstruction or emphysema where alveolar ventilation may be impaired. Rapid ascent to high altitude. Pregnancy, lactation.
Paraesthesia; loss of appetite; hearing dysfunction; or tinnitus; taste alteration, Gl disturbances; polyuria; drowsiness and confusion; acidosis (long-term therapy), transient myopia. Occasionally, urticaria; melaena; haematuria; glycosuria; hepatic insufficiency; flaccid paralysis; photosensitivity; convulsion. Sulfonamide-type reactions.
Store at temperature not exceeding 30°C. Protect from light.
S01EC01 - acetazolamide ; Belongs to the class of carbonic anhydrase inhibitors. Used in the treatment of glaucoma.
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