Sign Out
Pharmacology: Pharmacodynamics: Methylcobalamin is the neurologically active form of vitamin B12 and occurs as a water-soluble vitamin in the body. It is a cofactor in the enzyme methionine synthase, which functions to transfer methyl groups for the regeneration of methionine from homocysteine. In anaemia, it increases erythrocyte production by promoting nucleic acid synthesis in the bone marrow and by promoting maturation and division of erythrocytes. It is needed for nerve cells and red blood cells, and to make DNA. Vitamin B12 deficiency is the cause of several forms of anemia.
Alpha Lipoic acid is readily absorbed from the diet or as a supplement. It can regenerate vitamin C from its oxidized form, dehydroascorbic acid, and regenerate other antioxidants. Chelates transition metal ions (e.g. iron and copper), it can enhance the synthesis of glutathione, the main antioxidant within our cells. Glutathione effectively mops up all types of toxins and free radicals. However, we cannot take supplements of this antioxidant since it is unable to cross cell membranes. It can even pitch in and help when the body is lacking vitamin E. When laboratory animals were depleted of their vitamin E stores because their diet lacked this nutrient, they displayed obvious symptoms of vitamin E deficiency. However, when their diet was supplemented with ALA, the animals were completely protected.
Folic acid is vital for the biosynthesis of purines and
thymidylate of nucleic acids. Defective purine biosynthesis
due to folate deficiency leads to megaloblastic anemia and macrocytic anemia.
Thiamine hydrochloride (Vitamin B1): Vitamin B1 is essential for proper carbohydrate metabolism and plays an essential role in the decarboxylatlon of alpha keto acids.
Pyridoxine hydrochloride (Vitamin B6): Vitamin B6 is a constituent of the co-enzymes, pyridoxal pyrophosphate and pyridoxamine phosphate, both of which play an important role in protein metabolism.
Pharmacokinetics: Methylcobalamin: It is a water soluble vitamin. It is absorbed in the stomach by proteolysis with the help of Intrinsic Factor and is absorbed by active carrier transport mechanism. The Intrinsic Factor - B12 complex is absorbed in the terminal Ileum. It is stored in the liver. It undergoes enterohepatic circulation and is excreted in small quantities in the urine.
Alpha Lipoic acid: Exogenous racemic alpha lipoic acid orally administered is readily and nearly completely absorbed. Urinary excretion does not play a significant role in its elimination. Therefore, biliary excretion, further electrochemically inactive degradation products, and complete utilization of alpha lipoic acid as a primary substrate in the endogenous metabolism should be considered.
Folic acid: Folic acid is rapidly absorbed in the proximal portion of the small intestine. After oral administration, the Cmax can be achieved within one hour. As tetrahydrofolic acid derivative, folic acid is well-distributed in all over the body tissues and stored in hepatic tissues. Folic acid is metabolized in liver into dihydrofolate and tetrahydrofolate forms. About 90% of the administered dose is excreted via the urine.
Thiamine Mononitrate: Thiamine is absorbed from the GI tract and is widely distributed to most body tissues. It is not stored to any appreciable extent in the body and amounts in excess of requirements are excreted in the urine as unchanged thiamine or metabolites.
Pyridoxine Hydrochloride: Pyridoxine is absorbed from the GI tract and is converted to the active form pyridoxal phosphate. It is excreted in the urine as 4-pyridoxic acid.
