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Bupivacaine hydrochloride is (RS)-1-butyl-2-piperidylformo-2',6'-xylidide hydrochloride monohydrate. It has a pKa of 8.1 and is more lipid soluble than lignocaine.
Bupivacaine is classed as a membrane stabilising agent and is a local anaesthetic of the amide type. Marcain solutions contain no antimicrobial agent and should be used only once and any residue discarded.
Marcain solutions for injection are sterile, isotonic aqueous solutions of bupivacaine hydrochloride in water for injections. The pH of the solution is adjusted with sodium hydroxide or hydrochloric acid to remain between 4-6.5 during the approved shelf-life.
