Marcain

Bupivacaine HCl

Surgical anaesth: Epidural block for surgery & field block (minor & major nerve blocks & infiltration). Analgesia: Continuous epidural infusion or intermittent bolus epidural administration for analgesia in post-op or labour pain & field block (minor nerve block & infiltration).

Individualised dosage.

Allergy or hypersensitivity to amide type local anaesth. Epidural or spinal anaesth in patients w/ uncorrected hypotension. Infection &/or septicaemia. Obstet paracervical block, IV regional anaesth (Bier's block).

Hypersensitivity. Not for IV administration. Resuscitative equipment & drugs should be immediately available. IV cannula should be inserted before local anaesth is injected due to possibility of bradycardia & hypotension. Inj slowly w/ frequent aspirations to avoid inadvertent intravascular inj. Not to be used for post-op IA continuous infusion. Careful & constant monitoring of CV & resp vital signs & patient’s state of consciousness after each local anaesth inj. Patients w/ impaired CV function, elderly, young or debilitated patients, those w/ partial or complete conduction block, epilepsy, patients w/ Stokes-Adams syndrome or Wolff-Parkinson-White & w/ preexisting neurological or neuromuscular disease eg, myasthenia gravis. Concomitant use w/ LMWH & heparinoids (spinal/epidural haematomas). CV collapse & apnoea following use of local anaesth inj for retrobulbar block. Monitor fetal heart rate. May temporarily impair locomotion or coordination. May affect ability to drive or operate heavy machinery. Advance hepatic disease, severe renal impairment. Pregnancy & lactation.

CNS: Lightheadedness, nervousness, apprehension, euphoria, confusion, dizziness, drowsiness, tinnitus, blurred vision, diplopia, nausea, vomiting, sensations of heat, cold or numbness, urinary retention, circumoral paraesthesia, hyperacusis, twitching, tremors, convulsions, unconsciousness, resp depression &/or arrest, agitation, numbness of tongue, difficulty in swallowing & slurred speech. CV: Bradycardia, hypotension. Haemodynamic: Maternal hypotension. Neurologic: Spinal block of varying magnitude (including total spinal block), hypotension secondary to spinal block, loss of bladder & bowel control & loss of perineal sensation & sexual function. Persistent motor, sensory &/or autonomic (sphincter control) deficit of some lower spinal segments w/ slow recovery (several mth) or incomplete recovery in rare instances when caudal/lumbar epidural block has been attempted. Backache & headache. Paresis, paraplegia, neuropathy, peripheral nerve injury & arachnoiditis. Inadvertent subarachnoid inj may lead to CNS depression, resp arrest & CV collapse. Allergic: Cutaneous lesions, urticaria, oedema or anaphylactoid reactions.

Other amide-type local anaesth. May potentiate certain antiarrhythmic drugs (mexiletine & lignocaine), class III antiarrhythmic drugs.

Anaesthetics - Local & General

N01BB01 - bupivacaine ; Belongs to the class of amides. Used as local anesthetics.

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