Floctil Mechanism of Action

Pharmacotherapeutic group: Antibacterial (Macrolide).
Pharmacology: Azithromycin: Azithromycin is a macrolide antibiotic belonging to the azalide group. The molecule is constructed by adding a nitrogen atom to the lactone ring of Erythromycin A. The chemical name of Azithromycin is 9-deoxy-9a-aza-methyl-9a-homoerythromycin A. The molecular weight is 749.0 The mechanism of action of Azithromycin is based upon the suppression of bacterial protean synthesis by means of binding to the ribosomal 50s sub-unit and inhibition of peptide translocation.
Mechanism of resistance: Resistance of Azithromycin may be inherent or acquired. There are three main mechanisms of resistance in bacteria: target site alteration, alteration in antibiotic transport and modification of the antibiotic. Complete cross resistance exists among Streptococcus pneumonia, betahemolytic streptococcus of group A, Enterococcus faecalis and Staphylococcus aureus, including Methicilin resistance S. aureus (MRSA) to Erythromycin, Azithromycin, other macrolides, and Lincosamides.
Breakpoints: Azithromycin susceptibility breakpoints for typical bacterial pathogens are: NCCLS: Susceptible ≤ 2 mg/L; resistant to ≥ 8 mg/L Haemophilus spp.: susceptible ≤ 4 mg/L Streptococcus pneumonia and Streptococcus pyogenes: susceptible ≤ 0.5 mg/L; resistant ≥ 2 mg/L.
Susceptibility: The prevalence of acquired resistance may vary geographically and with time for selected species and local information on resistance is desirable, particularly when treating severe infections. As necessary, expert advice should be sought when the local prevalence of resistance is such that the utility of the agent in at least some types of infections is questionable. (See table.)

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Pharmacokinetics: Absorption: approximately 37%.
Distribution: ranges from 12% to 0.5 microgram/mL up to 52% at 0.05 microgram Azithromycin/mL serum.
Elimination: 2-4 days.