Glancer Mechanism of Action

Pharmacology: 1) Prevention or cure effects to gastric ulcer: Rebamipide inhibits gastric mucosal damage in various experimental models of mice those experienced ulcers, including ulcers that were caused by stress, acetylsalicylic acid, indomethacin, serotonin, and pyloric ligation.
Rebamipide can protect the mucosa from damage caused by ulcerogenic conditions which is assumed to produce reactive oxygen species, including reperfusion ischemia in mucosal, administration of platelet activating factor (PAF) or diethyldithiocarbamate (DDC), and indomethacin administration in the stress condition.
2) Prevention or cure effects to gastritis: Rebamipide inhibits the development of gastritis that is induced by taurocholic acid and accelerate recovery process of mucosal inflammation due to gastritis.
3) The effects of increased prostaglandin: Rebamipide increases the formation of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) on the gastric mucosa of mice. Rebamipide also increase concentration of PGE2, 15-keto-13, 14-dihydro-PGE2 (metabolite of PGE2) and PGE1 in gastric juices. These drugs show an effect of increasing PGE2 in the gastric mucosa and can protect the gastric mucosa from damage caused by alcohol consumption.
4) Cytoprotective effects: Rebamipide show cytoprotective effects in order to inhibit gastric mucosal damage induced by ethanol, strong acids or strong bases in mice. In in-vitro studies, this drug also protects gastric epithelial cells of fetal rabbits from aspirin or gastric impairment caused by taurocholic acid. In healthy male body, the drug inhibits gastric mucosal damage caused by aspirin, ethanol or HCl-ethanol consumption.
5) Increasing mucus effects: Rebamipide increase the activity of gastric enzymes for the synthesis of large molecular weight glycoproteins, thicken the superficial mucosal layer on the gastric mucosa, and increase the amount of mucus that is released into peptic. Endogenous PG was not involved in this increased mucous activity.
6) Increasing mucosal blood flow effects: Rebamipide increases gastric mucosal blood flow and improve hemodynamic improvement after blood loss in mice.
7) Mucosal resistance effects: Rebamipide can not affect gastric transmucosal potential differences in mice, but it might inhibit the difference of potential reduction due to ethanol.
8) Gastric alkaline secretion effect: Rebamipide increases gastric alkaline secretion in mice.
9) Mucosal cells transformation effect: Rebamipide activates the gastric mucosal cell proliferation and increase the number of protective epithelial cells in mice.
10) The gastric mucosal improvement effect: Rebamipide repairs epithelial cell culture on a rabbit caused by hydrogen peroxide / bile acid induction.
11) Gastric secretion effect: Rebamipide does not affect basal secretion of gastric juices and acid secretion which is stimulated by secretagogues.
12) The effects on reactive oxygen species: Rebamipide directly captures hydroxyl radicals and suppress superoxide that is produced by polymorphonuclear leukocytes. It also protects the gastric mucosa cells against damage caused by oxygen free radicals from neutrophils that is stimulated by Helicobacter pylori in vitro.
Rebamipide inhibits mucosal damage and reduce lipid peroxides concentration in the gastric mucosa of mice those are given indomethacin under stressful condition.
13) The effects of inflammatory cell infiltration in the gastric mucosa: Rebamipide prevents infiltration of inflammatory cells in a gastritis mice model induced by taurocholic and damage NSAID-induced gastric mucosa, or ischemia reperfusion.
14) Effect of the release inflammatory cytokines (interleukin-8) on the gastric mucosa: Rebamipide administered in oral, increased production of interleukin-8 and release it from the gastric mucosa in patients who has Helicobacter pylori. These drugs also inhibit NF-kB activation of interleukin-8 mRNA expression and production of interleukin-8 epithelial cells which cultured with Helicobacter pylori.