Fluid and electrolyte disturbances: sodium retention, potassium loss, hypokalemic alkalosis; fluid retention; congestive heart failure in susceptible patients; hypertension.
Musculoskeletal: muscle weakness, corticosteroid myopathy, loss of muscle mass; aggravation of myasthenic symptoms in myasthenia gravis; osteoporosis; vertebral compression fractures; aseptic necrosis of femoral and humeral heads; pathologic fracture of long bones; tendon rupture; joint instability (from repeated intra-articular injections).
Gastrointestinal: hiccups; peptic ulcer with possible subsequent perforation and hemorrhage; pancreatitis; abdominal distention; ulcerative esophagitis.
Dermatologic: impaired wound healing; skin atrophy; thin fragile skin; petechiae and ecchymoses; facial erythema; increased sweating; suppressed reactions to skin tests; reactions such as allergic dermatitis; urticaria, angioneurotic edema.
Neurologic: convulsions; increased intracranial pressure with papilledema (pseudotumor cerebri) usually after treatment; vertigo; headache.
Endocrine: menstrual irregularities; development of cushingoid state; suppression of fetal intrauterine or childhood growth; secondary adrenocortical and pituitary unresponsiveness, particularly in times of stress, as in trauma, surgery or illness; decreased carbohydrate tolerance, manifestations of latent diabetes mellitus, increased requirements of insulin or oral hypoglycemic agents in diabetes.
Ophthalmic: posterior subcapsular cataracts; increased intraocular pressure, glaucoma; exophthalmos, vision blurred.
Metabolic: negative nitrogen balance due to protein catabolism.
Psychiatric: euphoria, mood swings; severe depression to frank psychotic manifestations; personality changes; insomnia.
Other: anaphylactoid or hypersensitivity and hypotensive or shock-like reactions.
Additional adverse reactions related to parenteral corticosteroid therapy include rare instances of blindness associated with intralesional therapy around the face and the head, hyperpigmentation or hypopigmentation, subcutaneous and cutaneous atrophy, sterile abscess, post-injection flare (following intra-articular use) and charcot-like arthropathy.
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