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Pharmacology: Pharmacodynamics: Melodia is a combined oral contraceptive ("the combined Pill"). Each tablet contains a small amount of two different female hormones. These are drospirenone (a progestogen) and ethinylestradiol (an estrogen). Because of the small amounts of hormones, Melodia is considered a low-dose oral contraceptive. As all tablets in the pack combine the same hormones in the same dose, it is considered a monophasic combined oral contraceptive.
Melodia act to suppress gonadotropins. This is achieved through inhibition of ovulation and alterations to both the cervical mucus and the endometrium. Improvement in symptoms like bloating, swelling or weight-gain, related to fluid retention. Improvement in acne and reduction in greasiness of the skin and hair.
Pharmacokinetics: The absolute bioavailability of drospirenone is 76% and ethinyl estradiol is 40%. Volume of distribution is 4 liters per kilogram for drospirenone, 4-5 liters for ethinyl estradiol.
Drospirenone bind to serum proteins 97% and ethinyl estradiol bind to serum proteins highly but non-specifically.
Half-life: Drospirenone 30 hours and ethinyl estradiol 24 hours.
Drospirenone and ethinyl estradiol are well metabolized in the liver and conjugated with glucuronide and sulfate.
Drospirenone excretion is nearly complete after 10 days and amounts excreted were slightly higher than in feces compared to urine.
Ethinyl estradiol is excreted in the urine and feces as glucuronide and sulfate conjugates and undergoes enterohepatic circulation.
