CHF, severe renal & hepatic impairment, ESRD, renal artery stenosis. Ischaemic cardiomyopathy or ischaemic cerebrovascular disease. Vol- &/or salt-depleted patients, primary hyperaldosteronism. Monitor serum K in patients taking K-sparing diuretics, salt substitutes containing K & drugs that increase K levels (eg, heparin) & creatinine levels in patients w/ renal impairment & DM. Aortic or mitral valve stenosis, hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy.