Known sensitivity to methylphenidate or any of the excipients; anxiety, tension; agitation; glaucoma; phaeochromocytoma; during treatment with non-selective, irreversible monoamine oxidase (MAO) inhibitors, or within a minimum of 14 days of discontinuing those drugs, due to risk of hypertensive crisis (see Interactions); hyperthyroidism or thyrotoxicosis; diagnosis or history of severe depression, anorexia nervosa/anorexic disorders, suicidal tendencies, psychotic symptoms, severe mood disorders, mania, schizophrenia, psychopathic/borderline personality disorder; diagnosis or history of severe and episodic (type I) bipolar (affective) disorder (that is not well-controlled); pre-existing cardiovascular disorders including severe hypertension, heart failure, arterial occlusive disease, angina pectoris, haemodynamically significant congenital heart disease, cardiomyopathies, myocardial infarction, potentially life-threatening arrhythmias and channelopathies (disorders caused by the dysfunction of ion channels); pre-existing cerebrovascular disorders cerebral aneurysm, vascular abnormalities including vasculitis or stroke; diagnosis of pronounced anacidity of the stomach with a pH value above 5.5, in therapy with H2 receptor blockers or in antacid therapy or proton pump inhibitors; Diagnosis or family history of Tourette's syndrome.