Clovimax Mechanism of Action

Pharmacology: Pharmacodynamics: Mechanism of Action: Amoxicillin acts through inhibition of biosynthesis of the bacterial cell wall mucopeptide. It is bactericidal against susceptible organisms during the stage of active multiplication. Amoxicillin is active against many Gram-positive and Gram-negative pathogens. However, it is susceptible to degradation by beta-lactamases and therefore its spectrum does not include organisms, which produces these enzymes. Clavulanic acid is a beta-lactam structurally related to the penicillins, found in microorganisms resistant to penicillins.
The formulation of Amoxicillin with Clavulanic acid protects amoxicillin from degradation by beta-lactamases enzymes and effectively extends the antibiotic spectrum of amoxicillin to include many bacteria normally resistant to amoxicillin and other beta-lactam antibiotics.
Pharmacokinetics: Amoxicillin and clavulanate potassium are both well absorbed after oral administration and are stable in the presence of gastric acid. Food does not affect the absorption and this combination product may be given without regard to meals. The oral bioavailability of amoxicillin and clavulanic acid is approximately 90% and 75% respectively.
Clavulanic acid has about the same plasma elimination half-life (1 hr) as that of amoxicillin (1.3 hrs). Amoxicillin and clavulanic acid are widely distributed to most tissues and body fluids including peritoneal fluid, blister, urine, pleural fluid, middle ear fluid, intestinal mucosa, bone, gallbladder, lungs, female reproductive tissues and bile. The penetration into CSF through non-inflamed meninges and into purulent bronchial secretion is low. Amoxicillin and clavulanic acid readily cross the placenta and are distributed into breast milk in low concentrations. Amoxicillin is bound to serum proteins to an extent of 17-20% while clavulanic acid is 20-30% bound to serum proteins. Approximately 10% of the dose of amoxicillin and less than 50% of dose of clavulanic acid are metabolized.
Amoxicillin and clavulanic acid are eliminated primarily unchanged through the renal route (glomerular filtration and tubular secretion). Approximately 50-78% of amoxicillin and 25-40% of clavulanic acid are excreted unchanged in the urine within the first six hours after administration.