Known hypersensitivity to sulfonamides.
Active peptic ulceration or gastrointestinal bleeding.
Patients who have experienced asthma, acute rhinitis, nasal polyps, angioneurotic oedema, urticaria or other allergic-type reactions after taking aspirin or other NSAIDs including COX-2 inhibitors.
In pregnancy and in women of childbearing potential unless using an effective method of contraception.
Breastfeeding.
Severe hepatic dysfunction (serum albumin <25 g/L or Child-Pugh score ≥10).
Patients with estimated creatinine clearance <30 mL/min.
Inflammatory bowel disease.
Congestive heart failure (NYHA II-IV).
Established ischemic heart disease, peripheral arterial disease and/or cerebrovascular disease.