Use of COCs has been associated with increased risk of the following: Arterial and venous thrombotic and thromboembolic events, including myocardial infarction, stroke, transient ischemic attack, venous thrombosis and pulmonary embolism; Cervical intraepithelial neoplasia and cervical cancer; Breast cancer diagnosis; Benign hepatic tumors (e.g., focal nodular hyperplasia, hepatic adenomas).
See Special warnings under Precautions. (See table.)
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In addition, the following adverse events have been reported in women receiving oral contraceptives and are believed to be drug-related: Temporary infertility after discontinuation of treatment, diminution in lactation when given immediately postpartum, reduced tolerance to carbohydrates, change in corneal curvature (steepening).
There is evidence of an association between the following adverse reaction reports and the use of oral contraceptives, although additional confirmatory data are needed: Mesenteric thrombosis, retinal thrombosis.
The following adverse events have been reported in users of oral contraceptives, but an association has neither been confirmed nor totally refuted: Congenital anomalies, premenstrual syndrome, cataracts, Budd-Chiari syndrome, colitis, cerebral-vascular disease with mitral valve prolapse, lupus-like syndromes.
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