Iminox Drug Interactions

Drugs that may increase imatinib plasma concentrations: Substances that inhibit the cytochrome P450 isoenzyme CYP3A4 activity (e.g. protease inhibitors such as indinavir, lopinavir/ritonavir, ritonavir, saquinavir, telaprevir, nelfinavir, boceprevir; azole antifungals including ketoconazole, itraconazole, posaconazole, voriconazole; certain macrolides such as erythromycin, clarithromycin and telithromycin) could decrease metabolism and increase imatinib concentrations. There was a significant increase in exposure to imatinib (the mean C_max and AUC of imatinib) when it was co-administered with a single dose of ketoconazole (a CYP3A4 inhibitor). Caution should be taken when administering imatinib with inhibitors of the CYP3A4 family.
Drugs that may decrease imatinib plasma concentrations: Substances that are inducers of CYP3A4 activity (e.g. dexamethasone, phenytoin, carbamazepine, rifampicin, phenobarbital, fosphenytoin, pirimidone or Hypericum perforatum, also known as St. John's Wort) may significantly reduce exposure to imatinib, potentially increasing the risk of therapeutic failure. Pretreatment with multiple doses of rifampicin 600 mg followed by a single 400 mg dose of imatinib resulted in decrease in C_max and AUC_(0-∞), of the respective values without rifampicin treatment. The plasma AUC for imatinib decreased by 73% in patients with malignant gliomas treated with imatinib while taking enzyme-inducing anti-epileptic drugs (EIAEDs) such as carbamazepine, oxcarbazepine and phenytoin. Concomitant use of rifampicin or other strong CYP3A4 inducers and imatinib should be avoided.
Drugs that may have their plasma concentration altered by imatinib: Imatinib increases the mean C_max and AUC of simvastatin (CYP3A4 substrate) 2- and 3.5-fold, respectively, indicating an inhibition of the CYP3A4 by imatinib. Therefore, caution is recommended when administering imatinib with CYP3A4 substrates with a narrow therapeutic window (e.g. cyclosporine, pimozide, tacrolimus, sirolimus, ergotamine, diergotamine, fentanyl, alfentanil, terfenadine, bortezomib, docetaxel and quinidine). Imatinib may increase plasma concentration of other CYP3A4 metabolised drugs (e.g. triazolo-benzodiazepines, dihydropyridine calcium channel blockers, certain HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors i.e. statins, etc.).
Because of known increased risks of bleeding in conjunction with the use ofimatinib (e.g. haemorrhage), patients who require anticoagulation should receive low-molecular-weight or standard heparin, instead of coumarin derivatives such as warfarin.
In vitro, imatinib inhibits the cytochrome P450 isoenzyme CYP2D6 activity at concentrations similar to those that affect CYP3A4 activity. Imatinib at 400 mg twice daily had an inhibitory effect on CYP2D6-mediated metoprolol metabolism, with metoprolol C_max and AUC being increased by approximately 23%. Co-administration of imatinib with CYP2D6 substrates does not seem to be a risk factor for drug-drug interactions and dose adjustment may not be necessary. However, caution is advised for CYP2D6 substrates with a narrow therapeutic window such as metoprolol. In patients treated with metoprolol clinical monitoring should be considered.
In vitro, imatinib inhibits paracetamol O-glucuronidation (Ki value of 58.5 micromol/L). This inhibition has not been observed in vivo after the administration of imatinib 400 mg and paracetamol 1000 mg. Higher doses of imatinib and paracetamol have not been studied.
Caution should therefore be exercised when using high doses of imatinib and paracetamol concomitantly.
In thyroidectomy patients receiving levothyroxine, the plasma exposure to levothyroxine may be decreased when imatinib is co-administered, caution is therefore recommended. However, the mechanism of the observed interaction is presently unknown.
In Ph+ ALL patients, there is clinical experience of co-administering imatinib with chemotherapy, but drug-drug interactions between imatinib and chemotherapy regimens are not well characterized. Imatinib adverse events, i.e. hepatotoxicity, myelosuppression or others, may increase and it has been reported that concomitant use with L-asparaginase could beassociated with increased hepatotoxicity. Therefore, the use of imatinib in combination requires special precaution.