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Indications and Dosage
Oral
Cryptosporidiosis, Giardiasis Adult: 500 mg 12 hourly for 3 days.
Child: 1-3 years 100 mg 12 hourly; 4-11 years 200 mg 12 hourly for 3 days. >12 years Same as adult dose. All doses to be taken for 3 days. |
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Administration
Should be taken with food.
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Reconstitution
Oral suspension: Reconstitute with 48 mL of water.
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Contraindications
Hypersensitivity.
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Special Precautions
Patient with HIV and immunodeficiency. Pregnancy and lactation.
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Adverse Reactions
Gastrointestinal disorders: Nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, diarrhoea, gastroesophageal reflux disease.
Nervous system disorders: Headache, dizziness. Renal and urinary disorders: Chromaturia. Respiratory, thoracic and mediastinal disorders: Dyspnoea. Skin and subcutaneous tissue disorders: Skin rash, urticaria. |
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Food Interaction
Increased AUC with food.
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Action
Description:
Mechanism of Action: Nitazoxanide is an antiprotozoal agent which impairs the anaerobic metabolism of susceptible organisms via the interference of the pyruvate:ferredoxin oxidoreductase (PFOR) enzyme-dependent electron transfer reaction. In vitro, it inhibits the growth of sporozoites and oocysts of Cryptosporidium parvum and the trophozoites of Giardia lamblia. Pharmacokinetics: Absorption: Absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract. Time to peak plasma concentration: 1-4 hours (as tizoxanide and tizoxanide glucuronide). Distribution: Plasma protein binding: > 99% (tizoxanide). Metabolism: Rapidly hydrolysed to tizoxanide (active desacetyl metabolite) which partially undergoes further conjugation, primarily by glucuronidation. Excretion: Via faeces (approx 67%) and urine (approx 33%). Elimination half-life: 1-1.6 hours (tizoxanide). |
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Chemical Structure
 Source: National Center for Biotechnology Information. PubChem Compound Summary for CID 41684, Nitazoxanide. https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/Nitazoxanide. Accessed Oct. 26, 2020. |
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Storage
Store at 25°C.
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MIMS Class
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ATC Classification
P01AX11 - nitazoxanide ; Belongs to the class of other agents used in the treatment amoebiasis and other protozoal diseases.
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References
Alinia Tablet and Powder, for Suspension (Romark Laboratories, L.C.). DailyMed. Source: U.S. National Library of Medicine. https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/. Accessed 22/09/2020. Anon. Nitazoxanide. AHFS Clinical Drug Information [online]. Bethesda, MD. American Society of Health-System Pharmacists, Inc. https://www.ahfscdi.com. Accessed 22/09/2020. Anon. Nitazoxanide. Lexicomp Online. Hudson, Ohio. Wolters Kluwer Clinical Drug Information, Inc. https://online.lexi.com. Accessed 22/09/2020. Buckingham R (ed). Nitazoxanide. Martindale: The Complete Drug Reference [online]. London. Pharmaceutical Press. https://www.medicinescomplete.com. Accessed 22/09/2020. Nitazoxanide. Gold Standard Drug Database in ClinicalKey [online]. Elsevier Inc. https://www.clinicalkey.com/. Accessed 22/09/2020.
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