Amiloride


Generic Medicine Info
Indications and Dosage
Oral
Oedema
Adult: Initially, 5-10 mg daily. Start w/ 2.5 mg once daily if used w/ other diuretics or antihypertensives. Max: 20 mg daily.
Renal Impairment
Severe: Avoid use.
Administration
Should be taken with food.
Contraindications
Hyperkalaemia, Addison's disease, anuria, acute or chronic renal insufficiency, diabetic nephropathy.
Special Precautions
Patient w/ DM, at risk of metabolic or resp acidosis. Renal and hepatic impairment. Elderly. Pregnancy and lactation.
Adverse Reactions
Abdominal pain, GI bleeding, thirst, dry mouth, diarrhoea, constipation, anorexia, jaundice, flatulence, dyspepsia, vomiting, nausea, angina, arrhythmias, palpitation, postural hypotension, dyspnoea, cough, nasal congestion, confusion, headache, insomnia, weakness, tremor, agitation, dizziness, malaise, paraesthesia, encephalopathy, urinary disturbances, sexual dysfunction, hyperkalaemia, muscle cramps, arthralgia, raised intraocular pressure, visual disturbance, tinnitus, alopecia, pruritus, rash.
Monitoring Parameters
Monitor serum electrolytes, BP and renal function.
Drug Interactions
Increased risk of hyperkalaemia w/ other K-sparing diuretics, K supplements, angiotensin II receptor antagonists, ACE inhibitors, trilostane. Increased risk of nephrotoxicity w/ ciclosporin and NSAIDs. Severe hyponatraemia may occur w/ thiazide or chlorpropamide. May reduce ulcer-healing properties w/ carbenoxolone. May enhance the effect of other antihypertensives.
Food Interaction
Food reduces bioavailability.
Lab Interference
May falsely increase serum digoxin levels done by radioimmunoassay.
Action
Description:
Mechanism of Action: Amiloride is a weak diuretic which acts mainly on the distal renal tubules. It increases the excretion of Na and reduces the excretion of K. It diminishes kaliuretic effects of other diuretics, and may produce an additional natriuretic effect.
Onset: 2 hr.
Duration: 24 hr.
Pharmacokinetics:
Absorption: Incompletely absorbed from the GI tract. Bioavailability is reduced by food. Bioavailability: Approx 50%. Time to peak plasma concentration: Approx 3-4 hr.
Distribution: Widely distributed in the tissues. Volume of distribution: 350-380 L. Plasma protein binding: 23%.
Metabolism: Not metabolised.
Excretion: Via urine (as unchanged drug). Plasma half-life: 6-9 hr; terminal half-life: ≥20 hr.
Chemical Structure

Chemical Structure Image
Amiloride

Source: National Center for Biotechnology Information. PubChem Database. Amiloride, CID=16231, https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/Amiloride (accessed on Jan. 20, 2020)

Storage
Store between 15-30°C.
MIMS Class
Diuretics
References
Amiloride Hydrochloride Anhydrous Tablet (Par Pharmaceutical Inc.). DailyMed. Source: U.S. National Library of Medicine. https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/. Accessed 11/11/2014.

Anon. Amiloride. Lexicomp Online. Hudson, Ohio. Wolters Kluwer Clinical Drug Information, Inc. https://online.lexi.com. Accessed 11/11/2014.

Buckingham R (ed). Amiloride Hydrochloride. Martindale: The Complete Drug Reference [online]. London. Pharmaceutical Press. https://www.medicinescomplete.com. Accessed 11/11/2014.

Joint Formulary Committee. Amiloride Hydrochloride. British National Formulary [online]. London. BMJ Group and Pharmaceutical Press. https://www.medicinescomplete.com. Accessed 11/11/2014.

McEvoy GK, Snow EK, Miller J et al (eds). Amiloride Hydrochloride. AHFS Drug Information (AHFS DI) [online]. American Society of Health-System Pharmacists (ASHP). https://www.medicinescomplete.com. Accessed 11/11/2014.

Disclaimer: This information is independently developed by MIMS based on Amiloride from various references and is provided for your reference only. Therapeutic uses, prescribing information and product availability may vary between countries. Please refer to MIMS Product Monographs for specific and locally approved prescribing information. Although great effort has been made to ensure content accuracy, MIMS shall not be held responsible or liable for any claims or damages arising from the use or misuse of the information contained herein, its contents or omissions, or otherwise. Copyright © 2024 MIMS. All rights reserved. Powered by MIMS.com
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