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Chỉ định và Liều dùng
Oral
Insomnia Adult: For short-term treatment: 1-2 mg at bedtime.
Elderly: Initially, 0.5-1 mg at bedtime. |
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Nhóm bệnh nhân đặc biệt
Small or debilitated patients: Initially, 0.5-1 mg at bedtime.
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Cách dùng
May be taken with or without food.
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Chống chỉ định
Pregnancy. Concomitant use w/ ketoconazole and itraconazole.
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Thận trọng
Avoid abrupt withdrawal. Hepatic and renal impairment. Elderly, small or debilitated patients. Lactation.
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Tác dụng không mong muốn
Somnolence, hypokinesia, dizziness, abnormal coordination; allergic reaction, chills, fever, neck pain, upper extremity pain; flushing, palpitation; constipation, dry mouth, decreased/increased appetite, flatulence, gastritis, vomiting; thirst; arthritis, muscle spasm, myalgia; anxiety, agitation, amnesia, apathy, emotional lability, euphoria, hostility, paraesthesia, seizure, sleep disorder, stupor, twitch; asthma, cough, dyspnoea, rhinitis, sinusitis; rash, sweating, urticaria; abnormal vision, ear pain; eye irritation, pain, swelling; perverse taste, photophobia, tinnitus; frequent urination, menstrual cramps, urinary hesitancy/urgency, vag discharge/itching. Rarely, jaw pain, oedema, swollen breast; arrhythmia, syncope; enterocolitis, melaena, mouth ulceration; thyroid nodule; leucopenia, swollen lymph nodes, purpura; increased SGOT, wt gain/loss; arthralgia; ataxia, circumoral paraesthesia, decreased libido and reflexes, hallucinations, neuritis, tremor, nystagmus; epistaxis, hyperventilation, laryngitis; acne, dry skin; decreased hearing, scotomata, diplopia; haematuria, nocturia, oliguria, penile discharge, urinary incontinence.
Potentially Fatal: Anaphylaxis. |
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Thông tin tư vấn bệnh nhân
May impair ability to drive or operate machinery.
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Chỉ số theo dõi
Monitor resp and CV status; CBC and urinalysis periodically during prolonged use.
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Quá liều
Symptoms: Somnolence, resp depression, confusion, impaired coordination, slurred speech, and ultimately, coma. Management: Supportive treatment. Gastric evacuation, either by the induction of emesis, lavage, or both, should be performed immediately. Maintain adequate ventilation. Admin IV fluids to maintain BP and encourage diuresis.
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Tương tác
Increased plasma concentration w/ CYP3A inhibitors (e.g. nefazodone, fluvoxamine, erythromycin). Decreased plasma concentration w/ CYP3A inducers (e.g. carbamazepine, phenytoin, rifampicin, barbiturates). Additive effect w/ other CNS depressant drugs.
Potentially Fatal: Significantly increased plasma concentration w/ ketoconazole and itraconazole. |
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Tương tác với thức ăn
Alcohol may enhance the CNS effect of estazolam. Serum levels and/or toxicity may be increased by grapefruit juice.
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Tác dụng
Description:
Mechanism of Action: Estazolam binds to stereospecific benzodiazepine receptors on the postsynaptic GABA neuron at several sites w/in the CNS, including the limbic system, reticular formation. Enhancement of the inhibitory effect of GABA on neuronal excitability results by increased neuronal membrane permeability to Cl ions, which results in hyperpolarisation (a less excitable state) and stabilisation. Benzodiazepine receptors and effects appear to be linked to the GABA-A receptors. Pharmacokinetics: Absorption: Rapidly and well absorbed from the GI tract. Time to peak plasma concentration: Approx 0.5-1.6 hr after a single 2 mg dose; 1-3 hr after a single 4 mg dose. Distribution: Widely distributed into most body tissues and fluids. Crosses the blood-brain barrier. Plasma protein-binding: 93%. Metabolism: Extensively hepatic. Excretion: Via urine (87% as inactive metabolites and <5% as unchanged drug) and faeces (4% as inactive metabolites). |
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Đặc tính
 Source: National Center for Biotechnology Information. PubChem Database. Estazolam, CID=3261, https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/Estazolam (accessed on Jan. 22, 2020) |
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Bảo quản
Store below 30°C.
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Phân loại MIMS
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Phân loại ATC
N05CD04 - estazolam ; Belongs to the class of benzodiazepine derivatives. Used as hypnotics and sedatives.
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Tài liệu tham khảo
Anon. Estazolam. Lexicomp Online. Hudson, Ohio. Wolters Kluwer Clinical Drug Information, Inc. https://online.lexi.com. Accessed 01/12/2014. Buckingham R (ed). Estazolam. Martindale: The Complete Drug Reference [online]. London. Pharmaceutical Press. https://www.medicinescomplete.com/. Accessed 01/12/2014. Estazolam Tablet (Teva Pharmaceuticals USA Inc.). DailyMed. Source: U.S. National Library of Medicine. https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/. Accessed 01/12/2014. McEvoy GK, Snow EK, Miller J et al (eds). Estazolam. AHFS Drug Information (AHFS DI) [online]. American Society of Health-System Pharmacists (ASHP). https://www.medicinescomplete.com/. Accessed 01/12/2014.
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