Albendazole

Oral
Echinococcosis

Oral
Neurocysticercosis

Oral
Ascariasis, Enterobiasis, Hookworm infections, Trichuriasis

Oral
Clonorchiasis, Opisthorchiasis

Oral
Tapeworm infections

Oral
Cutaneous larva migrans

Oral
Giardiasis

Should be taken with food. For systemic infections, administer w/ high-fat meal to increase absorption. For patients w/ swallowing difficulty, tab may be crushed/chewed.
Should be taken on an empty stomach. For intraluminal infections w/o systemic involvement, take on an empty stomach. For patients w/ swallowing difficulty, tab may be crushed/chewed.

Hypersensitivity. Pregnancy.

Patient with neurocysticercosis, retinal lesions. May cause inflammatory reaction within the brain. Increased risk of bone marrow suppression in patient with liver disease. Hepatic impairment. Lactation.

Blood and lymphatic system disorders: Leukopenia, neutropenia.
Eye disorders: Blurred vision.
Gastrointestinal disorders: Abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, diarrhoea.
General disorders and administration site conditions: Fever, asthenia.
Hepatobiliary disorders: Mild to moderate hepatic enzyme elevation, hepatitis, acute liver failure.
Musculoskeletal and connective tissue disorders: Rhabdomyolysis.
Nervous system disorders: Headache, dizziness, somnolence, convulsion.
Renal and urinary disorders: Acute renal failure.
Skin and subcutaneous tissue disorders: Itchiness, rash, alopecia, erythema multiforme, Stevens-Johnson syndrome.
Potentially Fatal: Hypersensitivity reactions e.g. rash, pruritus, urticaria; bone marrow suppression, granulocytopenia, pancytopenia, aplastic anaemia, agranulocytosis.

PO: C

This drug may cause dizziness, if affected, do not drive or operate machinery. Maintain strict hygiene.

Monitor LFT and CBC with differential at start of each 28-day cycle and every 2 weeks during therapy. Assess faecal specimens for ova and parasites for 3 weeks after treatment. Obtain baseline ophthalmic exam for retinal lesions. Monitor for cerebral hypertension, focal neurologic deficits, or seizures after initiation of therapy and perform pregnancy test during treatment.

May increase plasma concentration with cimetidine, dexamethasone and praziquantel. May decrease serum concentrations with carbamazepine, ritonavir, phenobarbital, and phenytoin.

Increased serum concentrations with a fatty meal. May increase serum concentrations with grapefruit or grapefruit juice.

Description:
Mechanism of Action: Albendazole, a benzimidazole derivative, is an anthelmintic that inhibits microtubule formation by binding to colchicine sensitive site of β-tubulin resulting to decrease in microtubules leading to decline in glucose uptake and absorptive function and depletion of glycogen storage by adult and larval forms of parasites. Insufficient glucose causes lack of ATP resulting to death of parasite.
Pharmacokinetics:
Absorption: Poorly absorbed in the gastrointestinal tract. Increased serum concentration with a fatty meal. Time to peak serum concentration: 2-5 hours for the metabolite.
Distribution: Widely distributed throughout the body including urine, bile, liver, cyst wall, cyst fluid and CSF. Enters breast milk. Plasma protein binding: 70%.
Metabolism: Undergoes extensive hepatic first pass metabolism via rapid sulfoxidation to albendazole sulphoxide (primary metabolite).
Excretion: Mainly via urine (<1% as active metabolite); faeces. Elimination half-life: 8-12 hours (albendazole sulphoxide).

Source: National Center for Biotechnology Information. PubChem Database. Albendazole, CID=2082, https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/Albendazole (accessed on Jan. 20, 2020)

Store between 20-25°C. Protect from light.

Thuốc trừ giun sán

P02CA03 - albendazole ; Belongs to the class of benzimidazole derivative agents. Used as antinematodal.

Albendazole Tablet, Film Coated (Northstar Rx LLC). DailyMed. Source: U.S. National Library of Medicine. https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/. Accessed 09/05/2019.

Anon. Albendazole. Lexicomp Online. Hudson, Ohio. Wolters Kluwer Clinical Drug Information, Inc. https://online.lexi.com. Accessed 09/05/2019.

Buckingham R (ed). Albendazole. Martindale: The Complete Drug Reference [online]. London. Pharmaceutical Press. https://www.medicinescomplete.com. Accessed 09/05/2019.

Joint Formulary Committee. Albendazole. British National Formulary [online]. London. BMJ Group and Pharmaceutical Press. https://www.medicinescomplete.com. Accessed 09/05/2019.

Zoben Tablet (Pharmaniaga Manufacturing Berhad). National Pharmaceutical Regulatory Agency - Ministry of Health Malaysia. https://www.npra.gov.my/. Accessed 09/05/2019.