Type 2 diabetes mellitus
Adult: 200-400 mg bid.
Indications and Dosage
Oral
Type 2 diabetes mellitus Adult: 200-400 mg bid.
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Contraindications
Insulin-dependent diabetes, diabetic coma, ketoacidosis, trauma, severe infection, heart failure, recent MI; dehydration. Renal or hepatic impairment.
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Special Precautions
Monitor vitamin B12 concentrations annually during long-term treatment. Pregnancy.
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Adverse Reactions
Anorexia, nausea, vomiting, diarrhoea, metallic taste, wt loss, skin reactions, acute pancreatitis.
Potentially Fatal: Lactic acidosis, CV adverse effects. |
Overdosage
Symptoms: Lactic acidosis. Treatment: Intensive supportive therapy. Glucose or glucagon may be given if hypoglycaemia is present.
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Drug Interactions
May impair vitamin B12 absorption.
Potentially Fatal: Cimetidine may reduce renal clearance of phenformin. Increased risk of lactic acidosis with alcohol, nephrotoxic drugs. |
Action
Description:
Mechanism of Action: Phenformin is a biguanide antidiabetic. It does not stimulate insulin release but requires the presence of insulin to exhibit its hypoglycaemic effect. It delays glucose absorption from the GI tract, increases insulin sensitivity and glucose uptake, and inhibits gluconeogenesis in the liver. Pharmacokinetics: Metabolism: Hepatic. |
MIMS Class
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