Methotrexate is used alone or together with other medicines to treat cancer of the blood and bone marrow, head and neck, bone, lung, breast, and uterus.
This medicine helps in treating tumour by preventing the rapid growth of cancer cells.
Methotrexate may be used to treat other conditions as decided by your doctor.
Take Methotrexate exactly as directed by your doctor or according to the instructions on the label. Do not take more or less than instructed by your doctor.
Methotrexate is best taken on an empty stomach. You may take this medicine with food to reduce any stomach discomfort that it may cause. Try to take it on the same scheduled days and time.
This medicine is available as tablet or oral solution.
If you have been given the oral solution, use the syringe or measuring device supplied with each bottle to measure out your dose. Refer to the package insert for directions on how the measuring device should be used.
The dose of this medicine will be determined by your doctor based on your weight, height and the health of your kidney. Your doctor will advise you about how often you need to take this medicine.
Methotrexate must be taken regularly for it to be effective. Continue taking this medicine even when you feel better. Do not stop taking it unless instructed by the doctor.
Take the missed dose as soon as you remember. If it is almost time for your next dose, skip the missed dose and return to your normal dosing schedule.
DO NOT double a dose under any circumstances.
If you often forget to take your medicine, inform your doctor or pharmacist.
Alert your doctor if you have any of the following conditions:
- significant liver disease
- alcoholism (alcohol dependence)
- blood disorder e.g. bone marrow hypoplasia, leucopenia, thrombocytopenia, anaemia
- weakened immune system
- active infection
- stomach ulcer
- severe kidney disease
as Methotrexate may not be suitable for you.
Do not take this medicine if you are pregnant or planning to have a baby soon. If you become pregnant while being treated with this medicine, alert your doctor immediately. Methotrexate may cause harm to your unborn child. You must use proven birth control methods during and for at least 6 months after stopping the treatment.
Do not take this medicine if you are breastfeeding.
Methotrexate may possibly affect male fertility. Men must use adequate contraceptive methods during therapy and for at least 3 months after stopping the treatment. You may wish to discuss birth control methods with your doctor.
Alert your doctor if you have been recently vaccinated.
You must avoid any vaccinations without consulting with your doctor.
Inform your doctor if you have any of the following conditions:
- mild to moderate kidney disease
- fluid build-up around the lung or in the abdominal cavity
- inactive, long-term infection e.g. TB (lung infection known as tuberculosis), hepatitis B or C
- risk factors for liver disease e.g. obesity, diabetes, high cholesterol levels
- lung disease
- dehydration due to vomiting, diarrhoea or mouth sore
- low level of vitamin B9 in the body
Be sure to check with your doctor or pharmacist before giving this medicine to a child or an elderly. Children and elderly people may be more sensitive to the side effects.
If you are going to have radiation therapy, inform your doctor that you are taking this medicine.
If you are scheduled for an operation, including minor surgery and dental work, inform your doctor or dentist that you are taking this medicine.
Why is it important to keep my appointments with the doctor?
Keep your appointments with your doctor. Your doctor needs to monitor your condition and check your response to the medication regularly.
- Pregnancy tests must be done before treatment to know if this medicine is suited for you to take.
- Routine tests (e.g. lung/liver/kidney function, complete blood count, chest x-ray, urine analysis) may be done before and during treatment with this medicine.
- Regular monitoring of skin reactions may also be needed during therapy.
Your doctor will advise you about how often you need to have these tests.
Methotrexate may cause dizziness, drowsiness or blurred vision. If affected, do not drive or take part in any activity in which you need to be alert or need to see clearly.
Other side effects include any of the following: headache, burning sensation of the skin, rash, hair loss, diarrhoea, nausea, vomiting, indigestion, loss of appetite, joint and muscle pain, loss of libido, absence of menstruation, nose bleed, and changes in mood.
This medicine may also make your skin more sensitive to sunlight. Apply sunscreen when going outdoors and avoid prolonged exposure to sunlight and UV lamps.
Some side effects may need immediate medical help. Alert your doctor quickly if you experience any of the following:
- sore or inflammation inside of the mouth
- rashes with peeling of the skin or blistering of the lips, mouth or eyes accompanied by fever
- yellowing of the skin or eyes, stomach pain, persistent tiredness
- dry cough, difficulty breathing, fever
- swelling in the legs, feet or ankles, reduced amount of urine
- cough with greenish, yellow or bloody phlegm; chest pain
- fits or seizures, muscle twitching and pain, memory loss
This medicine will cause the level of your red blood cells, white blood cells and platelets to drop.
Red blood cells carry oxygen around your body. A fall in the level of red blood cells may make you feel tired and worn out.
White blood cells help your body to fight infections. A fall in the level of your white blood cells may put you at higher risk for infections, such as coughs, colds and flu, which may lead to more serious infections. Avoid crowded places and people who are sick. Alert your doctor if you have a fever, or a cough or flu that does not go away.
Platelets help your blood to clot when there is a cut in the skin. A fall in the level of your platelets may put you at risk of bleeding more than usual. Do not take part in activities where you may fall or get injured, such as contact sports. Alert your doctor if you get any unusual bruising (large bruises or several bruises, especially if the bruises appeared on their own) or bleeding that takes a long time to stop (for example, too much bleeding when you floss or brush your teeth).
Inform your doctor if any of these side effects do not go away or are severe, or if you experience other side effects.
Avoid vaccinations during treatment with Methotrexate.
Inform your doctor and pharmacist if you are taking or using any of these medicines:
- certain antibiotics e.g. chloramphenicol, ciprofloxacin, co-trimoxazole, penicillin, tetracycline
- NSAIDs (medicines for pain and inflammation) e.g. azapropazone, diclofenac, ibuprofen, indometacin, ketoprofen, phenylbutazone, aspirin
- stomach medicines e.g. omeprazole, pantoprazole
- medicines for epilepsy (fits or seizures) e.g. phenytoin, levetiracetam
- medicines for cancer e.g. cisplatin
- nitrous oxide (medicine used to block pain and sensation)
- other medicine used for rheumatoid arthritis e.g. leflunomide
- medicines used in organ transplant or certain immune disorders e.g. azathioprine, ciclosporin
- sulfasalazine (medicine used for inflammation of the bowel)
- probenecid (medicine for gout)
- theophylline (asthma medicine)
- other medicine such as retinoids e.g. acitretin (medicine used for psoriasis)
This does not include all medicines that may interact with Methotrexate.
Always inform your doctor and pharmacist if you are taking any other medicines, including herbal tonics such as traditional Chinese medicines, supplements and medicines that you buy without a prescription.
Avoid alcohol.
Avoid excessive consumption of milk rich foods.
Store in a cool, dry place away from the reach of children.
Medicines must not be used past the expiry date.
As Methotrexate is a cancer medicine, always return any unused or expired tablets to the clinic, hospital, or pharmacy for disposal. Do not throw it away in the household waste.
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