Sodium chloride: Indication, Dosage, Side Effect, Precaution

This information is not country-specific. Please refer to the Myanmar prescribing information.

Generic Medicine Info

Indications and Dosage

Intravenous
Hypernatraemia

Adult: Dosage, rate, and duration of administration are to be individualised and depends on age, weight, clinical condition, and laboratory response to treatment.

Intravenous
Replacement of fluid and electrolytes

Adult: Dosage, rate, and duration of administration are to be individualised and depends on age, weight, fluid/electrolyte condition, and on the patient’s clinical and laboratory response to treatment.

Irrigation
Irrigation of the bladder, eye, general skin and wound cleansing

Adult: As 0.9% solution: Use as required.

Nasal
Nasal congestion

Adult: As 0.9% solution: Use as required.
Child: 0.9% used as nasal drops.

Oral
Prophylaxis of muscle cramps during routine haemodialysis

Adult: As modified-release preparation: 6-10 g every dialysis session.

Oral
Chronic salt-losing conditions

Adult: As modified-release preparation: 2.4-4.8 g (40-80 mmol sodium) daily accompanied by suitable fluid intake. Up to 12 g daily may be necessary in severe cases.

Oral
Oral hygiene

Adult: As mouthwash: Rinse or gargle as required.

Renal Impairment

Oral:
Chronic salt-losing conditions: Dosage adjustment may be necessary.

Contraindications

Conditions whereby admin of sodium chloride would be detrimental. Not to be used to induce emesis. Sustained release tablets: GI disorders associated with strictures or diverticula.

Special Precautions

Hypertension, heart failure, peripheral or pulmonary oedema, impaired renal function, liver cirrhosis, preeclampsia. Maintain adequate water intake. Pregnancy. Inj of 3 or 5% sodium chloride solution should be given via a large vein at a rate not exceeding 100 ml/hr. Monitor fluid balance, serum electrolytes and acid base balance espcially during prolonged treatment. Caution when used in patients who are receiving corticosteroids or corticotropin.

Adverse Reactions

Hypernatraemia; thirst, reduced salivation and lachrymation, fever, tachycardia, hypertension, headache, dizziness, restlessness, irritability and weakness.
Potentially Fatal: Intra-amniotic inj of hypertonic solutions: Disseminated intravascular coagulation, renal necrosis, cervical and uterine lesions, pulmonary embolism, pneumonia and death.

Pregnancy Category (US FDA)

Inhalation/Respiratory/Irrigation/IV/Nasal/Ophth/Parenteral/PO: C

Drug Interactions

May affect serum concentrations of lithium.

Action

Description: Sodium chloride is the major extracellular cation. It is important in electrolyte and fluid balance, osmotic pressure control and water distribution as it restores sodium ions. It is used as a source of electrolytes and water for hydration, treatment of metabolic acidosis, priming solution in haemodialysis and treatment of hyperosmolar diabetes. It is also used as diluents for infusion of compatible drug additives.
Pharmacokinetics:
Absorption: Well-absorbed from the GI tract.
Excretion: Mainly in the urine, with small amounts excreted in the sweat, faeces, tears and saliva.

MIMS Class

Electrolytes / Intravenous & Other Sterile Solutions / Nasal Decongestants & Other Nasal Preparations / Other Eye Preparations / Preparations for Oral Ulceration & Inflammation

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