Tocilizumab


Generic Medicine Info
Indications and Dosage
Intravenous
Rheumatoid arthritis
Adult: In severe, active and progressive cases, not previously treated with methotrexate; or in moderate to severe active cases, when response to at least one disease modifying antirheumatic drug (DMARD) or tumour necrosis factor (TNF) inhibitor has been inadequate, or in those who are intolerant of these drugs: As monotherapy or in combination with methotrexate or other non-biological DMARDs: Initially, 4 or 8 mg/kg every 4 weeks. Usual dose: 8 mg/kg every 4 weeks. Max: 800 mg per dose. Doses are given via infusion over 1 hour. Dose reduction, dosing interruption or discontinuation may be required according to individual safety or tolerability; dosing recommendations may vary among countries or individual products. Refer to specific product guidelines.

Intravenous
Cytokine release syndrome
Adult: In severe or life-threatening cases that are due to chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cell: As monotherapy or in combination with corticosteroids: Patient weighing <30 kg: 12 mg/kg; ≥30 kg: 8 mg/kg. Max: 800 mg per dose. Doses are given via infusion over 1 hour. If clinical improvement does not occur after the 1st dose, up to 3 additional doses may be given with at least an 8-hour interval between consecutive doses.
Child: ≥2 years Same as adult dose.

Intravenous
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)
Adult: In hospitalised patients requiring respiratory support (e.g. supplemental oxygen, non-invasive or invasive mechanical ventilation, or extracorporeal membrane oxygenation [ECMO]): In combination with corticosteroids: 8 mg/kg via infusion over 1 hour. Max: 800 mg per dose. If clinical improvement does not occur, a 2nd dose may be given at least 8 hours after the 1st dose.
Elderly: Same as adult dose.
Child: ≥2 years Same as adult dose.

Intravenous
Polyarticular juvenile idiopathic arthritis
Child: As monotherapy or in combination with methotrexate: ≥2 years weighing <30 kg: 10 mg/kg; ≥30 kg: 8 mg/kg. Max: 800 mg per dose. Doses are given once every 4 weeks via infusion over 1 hour. Dose reduction, dosing interruption or discontinuation may be required according to individual safety or tolerability (refer to detailed product guideline).

Intravenous
Systemic juvenile idiopathic arthritis
Child: As monotherapy or in combination with methotrexate: ≥2 years weighing <30 kg: 12 mg/kg; ≥30 kg: 8 mg/kg. Max: 800 mg per dose. Doses are given once every 2 weeks via infusion over 1 hour. Dose reduction, dosing interruption or discontinuation may be required according to individual safety or tolerability (refer to detailed product guideline).

Subcutaneous
Rheumatoid arthritis
Adult: In severe, active and progressive cases, not previously treated with methotrexate; or in moderate to severe active cases, when response to at least one DMARD or TNF inhibitor has been inadequate, or in those who are intolerant of these drugs: As monotherapy or in combination with methotrexate or other non-biological DMARDs: Patient weighing <100 kg: Initially, 162 mg once every other week, increased to 162 mg once every week based on clinical response; ≥100 kg: 162 mg once weekly. Transitioning from IV to SC therapy: Administer the 1st SC dose instead of the next scheduled IV dose. Dose reduction, dosing interruption or discontinuation may be required according to individual safety or tolerability; dosing recommendations may vary among countries or individual products. Refer to specific product guidelines.

Subcutaneous
Polyarticular juvenile idiopathic arthritis
Child: As monotherapy or in combination with methotrexate: ≥2 years weighing <30 kg: 162 mg once every 3 weeks; ≥30 kg: 162 mg once every 2 weeks. Transitioning from IV to SC therapy: Administer the 1st SC dose instead of the next scheduled IV dose. Dose reduction, dosing interruption or discontinuation may be required according to individual safety or tolerability (refer to detailed product guideline).

Subcutaneous
Systemic sclerosis associated interstitial lung disease
Adult: 162 mg once every week. Dose reduction, dosing interruption or discontinuation may be required according to individual safety or tolerability; treatment recommendations may vary among countries. Refer to detailed product guideline.

Subcutaneous
Systemic juvenile idiopathic arthritis
Child: As monotherapy or in combination with methotrexate: ≥1 year weighing <30 kg: 162 mg once every 2 weeks; ≥30 kg: 162 mg once every week. Transitioning from IV to SC therapy: Administer the 1st SC dose instead of the next scheduled IV dose. Dose reduction, dosing interruption or discontinuation may be required according to individual safety or tolerability; dosing recommendations may vary among countries or individual products. Refer to specific product guidelines.

Subcutaneous
Giant cell arteritis
Adult: In combination with a tapering course of glucocorticoid or as monotherapy following discontinuation of glucocorticoid: 162 mg once weekly, or every other week based on clinical considerations. Dose reduction, dosing interruption or discontinuation may be required according to individual safety or tolerability; treatment recommendations may vary among countries or individual products. Refer to specific product guidelines.
Reconstitution
IV: Dilute with NaCl 0.45% or 0.9% to a final volume of 50 mL (<30 kg patient) or 100 mL (≥30 kg patient). Withdraw an equal volume of diluent to the volume of drug required for the dose from the infusion bag or bottle, then slowly add the amount of drug to be given into the infusion bag or bottle. Gently invert to mix and avoid foaming.
Contraindications
Active, severe infections that are not caused by SARS-CoV-2.
Special Precautions
Patient with history of chronic or recurring infections, serious or opportunistic infections, conditions that may increase the risk of developing infections (e.g. diabetes mellitus, interstitial lung disease), resided in or travelled to areas of endemic TB or mycoses; history of diverticulitis or intestinal ulceration; pre-existing or recent onset CNS demyelinating disorders. Delay treatment for all indications except COVID-19 if absolute neutrophil count (ANC) is <2,000/mm3, platelet count is <100,000/mm3, or ALT/AST concentrations are 1.5 times the ULN. COVID-19 treatment must be delayed if ANC is <1,000/mm3, platelet count is <50,000/mm3, or ALT/AST concentrations are 10 times the ULN. Concomitant use with other biological DMARDs, tumour necrosis factor (TNF) antagonists, interleukin-1 (IL-1) receptor antagonists, anti-CD20 monoclonal antibodies, selective co-stimulation modulators, live and live attenuated vaccines are not recommended. Hepatic impairment. Children and elderly. Pregnancy and lactation.

It should be noted that:

- The role of tocilizumab for the treatment of COVID-19 may vary among countries or local guidelines. It is currently recommended for hospitalised COVID-19 patients who are being given systemic corticosteroids and require supplemental oxygen, non-invasive or invasive mechanical ventilation, or ECMO. Please refer to local regulatory agencies for relevant information.
- Tocilizumab for the treatment of COVID-19 is recommended to be used in combination with systemic corticosteroids and/or with other approved therapies (e.g. baricitinib). Treatment decisions should be made based on local guidelines, drug availability, and patient comorbidities.
- Tocilizumab is available in multiple formulations which should not be used interchangeably (e.g. given via different routes of administration and methods of preparation). Ensure that the proper formulation is chosen prior to administration or dilution.

For healthcare professionals:

- Read the most up-to-date fact sheet when prescribing tocilizumab for COVID-19.
- To alleviate the risks of this drug during pandemic use, local regulatory agencies may require healthcare facilities and healthcare providers to comply with certain regulations for the administration of tocilizumab. Please refer to respective local regulatory agencies for further information.
Adverse Reactions
Significant: Gastrointestinal/diverticular perforation, haematologic effects (e.g. neutropenia, thrombocytopenia), increased hepatic transaminases, total cholesterol, triglycerides, LDL, and/or HDL, viral reactivation (e.g. herpes zoster, hepatitis B); malignancy (increased risk). Rarely, CNS demyelinating disorders (e.g. multiple sclerosis, chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy).
Blood and lymphatic system disorders: Leucopenia, hypofibrinogenaemia.
Eye disorders: Conjunctivitis.
Gastrointestinal disorders: Constipation, diarrhoea, nausea, abdominal pain, mouth ulceration, gastritis.
General disorders and administration site conditions: Inj site reaction, infusion-related reactions, peripheral oedema.
Infections and infestations: Upper respiratory tract infections, cellulitis, pneumonia, oral herpes simplex.
Investigations: Increased weight.
Nervous system disorders: Headache, dizziness.
Respiratory, thoracic and mediastinal disorders: Cough, dyspnoea, nasopharyngitis.
Skin and subcutaneous tissue disorders: Rash, pruritus, urticaria.
Vascular disorders: Hypertension.
Potentially Fatal: Infections (e.g. active TB, invasive fungal, bacterial, viral, protozoal, and other opportunistic infections), hypersensitivity reactions (e.g. anaphylaxis), interstitial lung disease (e.g. pneumonitis, pulmonary fibrosis), hepatitis, hepatic failure; macrophage activation syndrome (systemic juvenile idiopathic arthritis patients).
Patient Counseling Information
This drug may cause dizziness, if affected, do not drive or operate machinery. Women of childbearing potential must use effective contraception during therapy and for at least 3 months after treatment.
Monitoring Parameters
Obtain TB skin test, hepatitis B surface antigen test, up to date vaccinations, and risk assessment for cancer prior to therapy initiation. Monitor neutrophil and platelet counts, ALT, AST, alkaline phosphatase, total bilirubin, lipids panel, LFTs, and CBC prior to therapy and as clinically indicated. Assess for signs and symptoms of infections, CNS demyelinating disorders; new onset of abdominal symptoms.
Drug Interactions
May enhance the immunosuppressive effect and increase the risk of infection with other biologic DMARDs, TNF antagonists, IL-1 receptor antagonists, anti-CD20 monoclonal antibodies, selective co-stimulation modulators. May increase metabolism of methylprednisolone, dexamethasone, atorvastatin, Ca channel blockers, theophylline, warfarin, phenprocoumon, phenytoin, ciclosporin, and benzodiazepines. May increase risk of vaccine associated infection; avoid use with live and live attenuated vaccines.
Action
Description:
Mechanism of Action: Tocilizumab is a recombinant humanised monoclonal antibody. It is an antagonist of the interleukin-6 (IL-6) receptor. IL-6 is a pleiotropic pro-inflammatory cytokine that is involved in physiological processes such as T-cell activation, induction of Ig secretion, initiation of hepatic acute phase protein synthesis, and stimulation of hematopoietic precursor cell proliferation and differentiation. It binds specifically to both soluble and membrane-bound receptors (sIL-6R and mIL-6R) and inhibits IL-6-mediated signalling, thereby resulting in a reduction in inflammatory mediator production.
Pharmacokinetics:
Absorption: Bioavailability: SC: 80% (giant cell arteritis [GCA], rheumatoid arthritis [RA], systemic sclerosis-associated interstitial lung disease [SSc-ILD]); 95% (systemic juvenile idiopathic arthritis [SJIA]); 96% (polyarticular juvenile idiopathic arthritis [PJIA]). Time to peak plasma concentration: SC: approx 3 days (every week dosing); approx 4.5 days (every 2 week dosing).
Excretion: Elimination half-life: IV: RA: up to 11-13 days; GCA: 13.2 days. SC: RA: up to 5 days (every other week dosing) or up to 13 days (every week dosing); GCA: 4.2-7.9 days (every other week dosing) or 18.3-18.9 days (every week dosing); SSc-ILD: 12.1-13 days (every week dosing).
Storage
Store between 2-8°C. Do not freeze. Protect from light. Pre-filled syringes and autoinjectors: Once removed from refrigerator, may be stored at ≤30°C for up to 2 weeks. Keep dry. Protect from light. Diluted solutions for infusion: May be stored between 2-8°C or at 30°C for 24 hours (diluted in NaCl 0.9%); between 2-8°C for up to 24 hours or at 30°C for 4 hours (diluted in NaCl 0.45%). Protect from light. Storage recommendations of diluted solutions for infusion may vary among countries. Refer to specific product guidelines.
MIMS Class
Disease-Modifying Anti-Rheumatic Drugs (DMARDs) / Immunosuppressants
ATC Classification
L04AC07 - tocilizumab ; Belongs to the class of interleukin inhibitors. Used as immunosuppressants.
References
Actemra 162 mg/0.9 mL Solution for Injection in Pre-filled Syringe (Roche [Malaysia] Sdn. Bhd.). National Pharmaceutical Regulatory Agency - Ministry of Health Malaysia. https://www.npra.gov.my. Accessed 08/03/2023.

Actemra 20 mg/mL Concentrate for Solution for Intravenous Infusion (Roche [Malaysia] Sdn. Bhd.). National Pharmaceutical Regulatory Agency - Ministry of Health Malaysia. https://www.npra.gov.my. Accessed 08/03/2023.

Actemra Injection, Solution; Concentrate; Actemra Actpen, Injection, Solution (Genentech, Inc.). DailyMed. Source: U.S. National Library of Medicine. https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed. Accessed 21/03/2023.

Anon. Assessment of Evidence for COVID-19 Related Treatments. AHFS Clinical Drug Information [online]. Bethesda, MD. American Society of Health-System Pharmacists, Inc. https://www.ahfscdi.com. Accessed 02/08/2021.

Anon. Tocilizumab. AHFS Clinical Drug Information [online]. Bethesda, MD. American Society of Health-System Pharmacists, Inc. https://www.ahfscdi.com. Accessed 08/03/2023.

Anon. Tocilizumab. Lexicomp Online. Hudson, Ohio. Wolters Kluwer Clinical Drug Information, Inc. https://online.lexi.com. Accessed 08/03/2023.

Buckingham R (ed). Tocilizumab. Martindale: The Complete Drug Reference [online]. London. Pharmaceutical Press. https://www.medicinescomplete.com. Accessed 08/03/2023.

Coronavirus (COVID-19) Update: FDA Authorizes Drug for Treatment of COVID-19. U.S. FDA. https://www.fda.gov. Accessed 02/08/2021.

COVID-19 Treatment Guidelines Panel. Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Treatment Guidelines: Interleukin-6 Inhibitors. National Institutes of Health. https://www.covid19treatmentguidelines.nih.gov. Accessed 23/03/2023.

Fact Sheet for Healthcare Providers: Emergency Use Authorization for Actemra (Genentech, Inc.). U.S. FDA. https://www.fda.gov. Accessed 02/08/2021.

Interim Clinical Commissioning Policy: IL-6 Inhibitors (Tocilizumab or Sarilumab) for Hospitalised Patients with COVID-19. NHS England. https://www.england.nhs.uk. Accessed 23/03/2023.

Joint Formulary Committee. Tocilizumab. British National Formulary [online]. London. BMJ Group and Pharmaceutical Press. https://www.medicinescomplete.com. Accessed 08/03/2023.

RoActemra 162 mg Solution for Injection in Pre-filled Pen (Roche Products Limited). MHRA. https://products.mhra.gov.uk. Accessed 08/03/2023.

RoActemra 162 mg Solution for Injection in Pre-filled Syringe (Roche Products Limited). MHRA. https://products.mhra.gov.uk. Accessed 08/03/2023.

RoActemra 20 mg/mL Concentrate for Solution for Infusion (Roche Products Limited). MHRA. https://products.mhra.gov.uk. Accessed 08/03/2023.

Roche Products (New Zealand) Limited. Actemra 20 mg/mL Concentrate for Solution for Intravenous Infusion, Actemra 162 mg/0.9 mL Solution for Subcutaneous Injection data sheet 12 August 2022. Medsafe. http://www.medsafe.govt.nz. Accessed 08/03/2023.

Tocilizumab. Gold Standard Drug Database in ClinicalKey [online]. Elsevier Inc. https://www.clinicalkey.com. Accessed 17/08/2021.

Disclaimer: This information is independently developed by MIMS based on Tocilizumab from various references and is provided for your reference only. Therapeutic uses, prescribing information and product availability may vary between countries. Please refer to MIMS Product Monographs for specific and locally approved prescribing information. Although great effort has been made to ensure content accuracy, MIMS shall not be held responsible or liable for any claims or damages arising from the use or misuse of the information contained herein, its contents or omissions, or otherwise. Copyright © 2024 MIMS. All rights reserved. Powered by MIMS.com
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