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Indications and Dosage
Oral
Sexually transmitted diseases, Susceptible infections Adult: 1.5 g daily in divided doses, up to 3 g/day initially for severe infections. Child: 30-100 mg/kg/day. Oral Gonorrhoea Adult: 2.5 g/day for 1-2 days. Alternatively, 2.5 g on the 1st day followed by 2 g/day on each of 4 subsequent days.
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Renal Impairment
Oral:
Gonorrhoea; Sexually transmitted diseases; Susceptible infections:
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Contraindications
Hypersensitivity, preexisting bone marrow depression or blood dyscrasias, active immunisation. Pregnancy and lactation.
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Special Precautions
Renal impairment, Mediterranean form of G6PD, prolonged use. Perform routine periodic blood examination.
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Adverse Reactions
Hypersensitivity, GI disturbances, stomatitis, glossitis, encephalopathy, mental depression and headache, ototoxicity. Haemolytic anaemia (Mediterranean form of G6PD), Jarish-Herxheimer reaction. Prolonged use may induce bleeding, peripheral and optic neuritis.
Potentially Fatal: Bone marrow depression; grey baby syndrome, anaphylactic reactions. |
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Drug Interactions
Potentially Fatal: Drugs that depress bone marrow function.
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Action
Description:
Mechanism of Action: Thiamphenicol has a broad spectrum of activity similar to chloramphenicol. It is less active than chloramphenicol but it is equally effective and more actively bactericidal against Haemophilus and Neisseria spp. It reversibly binds to 50s subunit of bacterial ribosome blocking the transpeptidation and inhibiting protein synthesis of susceptible bacteria, thus inhibiting cell growth. Pharmacokinetics: Absorption: Peak serum concentrations: 2 hr. Distribution: Diffuses into the CSF, across the placenta, into breast milk and into the lungs. Protein binding: 10%. Half-life: 2-3 hr, increased in renal impairment. Metabolism: Undergoes little or no conjugation with glucuronic acid in the liver. Excretion: Excreted in the urine mainly as unchanged drug (70%); small amount excreted in bile and faeces. |
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MIMS Class
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