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Indications and Dosage
Oral
Urinary tract infections Adult: 1.5-4 g/day in 3-4 divided doses.
Child: 30-45 mg/kg/day in 4 divided doses. |
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Renal Impairment
Dose reduction may be needed.
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Hepatic Impairment
Dose reduction may be needed.
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Contraindications
Severe renal or hepatic failure; blood disorders; hypersensitivity to sulfonamides; acute porphyria; SLE; infants ≤2 mth; pregnancy and lactation.
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Special Precautions
Renal or hepatic impairment; history of allergy or asthma; AIDS; G6PD deficiency (at risk of haemolytic reactions); elderly; ensure adequate fluid intake to reduce risk of crystalluria. Discontinue if rash develops.
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Adverse Reactions
Nausea, vomiting, anorexia, diarrhoea, hypersensitivity reactions, SLE, serum sickness-like syndrome, liver necrosis and hepatomegaly, myocarditis, pulmonary eosinophilia and fibrosing alveolitis, vasculitis, hypoglycaemia, hypothyroidism, neurological reactions, jaundice and kernicterus in premature neonates. Pseudomembranous colitis.
Potentially Fatal: Blood dyscrasias, Stevens-Johnson syndrome, toxic epidermal necrolysis, anaphylaxis. |
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Drug Interactions
Potentiates effects of oral anticoagulants, methotrexate, phenytoin. Increased risk of crystalluria with compounds that render the urine acidic. Increased risk of blood dyscrasias with clozapine. Increased risk of hypoglycaemia with tolbutamide.
Potentially Fatal: Increased risk of kidney damage with methenamine. |
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Lab Interference
Interfere with tests for urea, creatinine, urinary glucose and urobilinogen.
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Action
Description:
Mechanism of Action: Sulfamethizole is a short-acting sulfonamide. It is generally not used in systemic infections due to low drug concentrations in blood and tissue. Pharmacokinetics: Absorption: Readily absorbed from GI tract. Distribution: Protein-binding: 90%. Metabolism: Undergoes slight acetylation. Excretion: Half life: 1.5-3 hr. Rapidly excreted via urine. |
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MIMS Class
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