Intravenous Empiric therapy for febrile neutropenic patients
Adult: Each vial contains 4.5 g (piperacillin 4 g and tazobactam 0.5 g): 4.5 g 6 hrly for 5-14 days by infusion over 30 min. Child: 2-12 yr 90 mg/kg (piperacillin 80 mg/kg and tazobactam 10 mg/kg) 6 hrly for 5-14 days by infusion over 30 min. Max: 4.5 g per dose; >12 yr Same as adult dose.
Intravenous Nosocomial pneumonia
Adult: Each vial contains 4.5 g (piperacillin 4 g and tazobactam 0.5 g): 4.5 g 6 hrly for 5-14 days by infusion over 30 min. When used empirically, combination w/ aminoglycoside or antipseudomonal fluoroquinolone is recommended. Child: 2-12 yr 90 mg/kg (piperacillin 80 mg/kg and tazobactam 10 mg/kg) 6 hrly for 5-14 days by infusion over 30 min. Max: 4.5 g per dose; >12 yr Same as adult dose.
Adult: Each vial contains 4.5 g (piperacillin 4 g and tazobactam 0.5 g): 4.5 g 8 hrly for 5-14 days by infusion over 30 min. Child: 2-12 yr 112.5 mg/kg (piperacillin 100 mg and tazobactam 12.5 mg) 8 hrly for 5-14 days by infusion over 30 min. Max: 4.5 g per dose.
Intravenous Complicated urinary tract infections, Skin and soft tissue infections
Adult: Each vial contains 4.5 g (piperacillin 4 g and tazobactam 0.5 g): 4.5 g 8 hrly for 5-14 days by infusion over 30 min.
Renal Impairment
Nosocomial pneumonia:
Haemodialysis patients: 2.25 g 8 hourly; additional dose of 0.75 g after each dialysis session. CAPD: 2.25 g 8 hourly.
CrCl (mL/min)
Dosage
<20
2.25 g 6 hourly.
20-40
3.375 g 6 hourly.
Empiric therapy for febrile neutropenic patients; Complicated intra-abdominal infections; Complicated urinary tract infections; Skin and soft tissue infections:
Haemodialysis patients: 2.25 g 12 hourly; additional dose of 0.75 g after each dialysis session. CAPD: 2.25 g 12 hourly.
CrCl (mL/min)
Dosage
<20
2.25 g 8 hourly.
20-40
2.25 g 6 hourly.
Reconstitution
Reconstitute initially (2.25 g in 10 mL, 4.5 g in 20 mL) w/ water for inj, glucose 5% or NaCl 0.9%, then further dilute to 50-150 mL w/ compatible infusion soln.
Hypersensitivity to piperacillin, tazobactam or any other penicillin-antibacterial agent. History of acute severe allergic reaction to any other β-lactam active substances (e.g. cephalosporin, monobactam or carbapenem).
Special Precautions
Patient w/ cystic fibrosis, history of seizure disorder. Renal impairment. Childn. Pregnancy and lactation.
Adverse Reactions
GI effects (e.g. diarrhoea, nausea, constipation), rash (maculopapular, bullous, urticarial, eczemoid), pruritus, fever, headache, insomnia; adverse reactions at inj site (phlebitis, pain, inflammation, thrombophlebitis, oedema). Decreases in Hb and haematocrit, thrombocytopenia, increases in platelet count, transient eosinophilia, leucopenia, neutropenia; positive Coombs’ test results, prolonged prothrombin time and partial thromboplastin time. Increases in serum concentrations of creatinine and BUN, changes in serum electrolytes, transient increases in AST, ALT, alkaline phosphatase and bilirubin. Potentially Fatal: Serious, anaphylactic reactions, antibiotic-induced pseudomembranous colitis, Stevens-Johnson syndrome and toxic epidermal necrolysis.
Assess hematopoietic function periodically. Perform periodic electrolyte determinations in patients w/ low K reserves. Monitor creatinine, BUN, CBC w/ differential, prothrombin time, partial thromboplastin time, LFTs, urinalysis, signs of bleeding, signs of anaphylaxis during 1st dose.
Overdosage
Symptoms: Nausea, vomiting, diarrhoea, neuromuscular excitability or convulsions. Management: Symptomatic and supportive treatment. Haemodialysis may reduce excessive serum concentrations.
Drug Interactions
Interacts w/ high doses of heparin, oral anticoagulants or other drugs that affect blood coagulation or thrombocyte function. Prolongs the neuromuscular blockade of vecuronium and non-depolarising muscle relaxants. Prolongs half-lives w/ probenecid. Increased risk of methotrexate toxicity.
Lab Interference
May lead to false-positive results in Bio-Rad Laboratories Platelia Aspergillus EIA tests and also in urinary glucose determinations w/ tests that use copper reduction.
Action
Description: Mechanism of Action: Piperacillin inhibits bacterial septum formation and cell wall synthesis in susceptible bacteria. Tazobactam is a penicillanic acid sulfone derivative w/ β-lactamase inhibitory properties. In combination, tazobactam enhances the activity of piperacillin against β-lactamase-producing bacteria. Piperacillin and tazobactam has a wide range of activity and is active against gm+ve and gm-ve aerobic and anaerobic bacteria. Pharmacokinetics: Absorption: Time to peak plasma concentration: Immediately after completion of IV infusion. Distribution: Widely distributed into body tissues and fluids; both cross the placenta; distributed into milk (piperacillin). Plasma protein binding: Approx 30%. Metabolism: Piperacillin: Metabolised to a desethyl metabolite. Tazobactam: Metabolised to a single metabolite that lacks pharmacological and antibacterial activities. Excretion: Via kidney by glomerular filtration and tubular secretion as unchanged in urine, 68% (piperacillin) and 80% (tazobactam). Plasma half-life: 0.7-1.2 hr.
Chemical Structure
Piperacillin Source: National Center for Biotechnology Information. PubChem Compound Summary for CID 43672, Piperacillin. https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/Piperacillin. Accessed Aug. 22, 2023.
Tazobactam Source: National Center for Biotechnology Information. PubChem Compound Summary for CID 123630, Tazobactam. https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/Tazobactam. Accessed Aug. 22, 2023.
Storage
Powd for inj: Store between 20-25°C. Reconstituted soln: Store between 2-8°C (for up to 48 hr) or 20-25°C (for up to 24 hr).
J01CR05 - piperacillin and beta-lactamase inhibitor ; Belongs to the class of penicillin combinations, including beta-lactamase inhibitors. Used in the systemic treatment of infections.
References
Anon. Piperacillin and Tazobactam Sodium. Lexicomp Online. Hudson, Ohio. Wolters Kluwer Clinical Drug Information, Inc. https://online.lexi.com. Accessed 22/06/2015.Joint Formulary Committee. Piperacillin with Tazobactam. British National Formulary [online]. London. BMJ Group and Pharmaceutical Press. https://www.medicinescomplete.com. Accessed 22/06/2015.McEvoy GK, Snow EK, Miller J et al (eds). Piperacillin Sodium and Tazobactam Sodium. AHFS Drug Information (AHFS DI) [online]. American Society of Health-System Pharmacists (ASHP). https://www.medicinescomplete.com. Accessed 22/06/2015.Piperacillin Sodium and Tazobactam Sodium Injection, Powder for Solution (Mylan Institutional LLC). DailyMed. Source: U.S. National Library of Medicine. https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/. Accessed 22/06/2015.
Sign Out
