Glucose

Intravenous
Hypoglycaemia

Intravenous
Fluid depletion

Intravenous
Carbohydrate depletion

Oral
Hypoglycaemia

Oral
Oral glucose tolerance test

Hypersensitivity to glucose, corn or corn products. Patient w/ severe dehydration, glucose-galactose malabsorption syndrome, ischaemic stroke. Admin of hypertonic soln in patients (esp if dehydrated) w/ intracranial or intraspinal haemorrhage, diabetic coma, delirium tremens.

Patient w/ DM, chronic uraemia, thiamine deficiency, severe traumatic brain injury, water and electrolyte imbalance, haemodilution, sepsis, and severe malnutrition. Avoid abrupt withdrawal. Renal failure. Childn (esp low birth wt infants). Pregnancy and lactation.

Significant: Electrolyte imbalance (e.g. hypokalaemia), dehydration, severe hypersensitivity reactions (e.g. anaphylaxis).
CV: Localised phlebitis, venous irritation and thrombosis, thrombophlebitis.
Resp: Pulmonary vascular precipitates and oedema.
Hepatic: Hepatic failure, cirrhosis, cholestasis, steatosis, increased bilirubin and hepatic enzyme, cholecystitis, cholelithiasis.
Genitourinary: Diuresis.
Endocrine: Glycosuria, hyperosmolar syndrome, hypervolaemia.
Dermatologic: Rash.
Others: Catheter infection, sepsis, chills, fever, infusion site reactions (e.g. erythema and pain).
Potentially Fatal: Severe hyperglycaemia and hyponatraemia.

IV/Parenteral: C

Monitor serum and urine glucose, serum electrolytes, intake and output (I & O), caloric intake.

Symptoms: Hyperglycaemia, water intoxication or oedema, and glycosuria. Management: Symptomatic and supportive treatment.

Description:
Mechanism of Action: Glucose, the natural sugar occurring in blood, is the primary source of energy in cellular metabolism. It is readily converted to fat which provides a rich store of energy in concentrated form, and it also promotes glycogen deposition in the liver.
Onset: 10 min (oral).
Pharmacokinetics:
Absorption: Rapidly absorbed from the GI tract. Bioavailability: 100% (IV). Time to peak plasma concentration: Approx 40 min (oral).
Metabolism: Metabolised in the liver by pyruvic or lactic acid to CO₂ and water w/ energy release.

Store below 25°C. Protect from extreme heat. Do not freeze.

Intravenous & Other Sterile Solutions

V06DC01 - glucose ; Belongs to the class of carbohydrates used as general nutrients.
V04CA02 - glucose ; Belongs to the class of diagnostic agents used to test for diabetes.

Anon. Dextrose. Lexicomp Online. Hudson, Ohio. Wolters Kluwer Clinical Drug Information, Inc. https://online.lexi.com. Accessed 25/05/2017.

Buckingham R (ed). Glucose. Martindale: The Complete Drug Reference [online]. London. Pharmaceutical Press. https://www.medicinescomplete.com. Accessed 25/05/2017.

Joint Formulary Committee. Glucose. British National Formulary [online]. London. BMJ Group and Pharmaceutical Press. https://www.medicinescomplete.com. Accessed 25/05/2017.

McEvoy GK, Snow EK, Miller J et al (eds). Dextrose. AHFS Drug Information (AHFS DI) [online]. American Society of Health-System Pharmacists (ASHP). https://www.medicinescomplete.com. Accessed 25/05/2017.