Not a protection against HIV infection or other STDs. Not recommended in patients w/ history of VTE. Unexpected vag bleeding, degree of fluid retention, history of clinical depression treatment, diabetic patients; sudden partial or complete loss of vision, sudden onset of proptosis, diplopia, migraine, papilloedema or retinal vascular lesions; loss of bone mineral density; osteoporotic risk factors eg, chronic alcoholism/tobacco use, chronic use of drugs reducing bone mass eg, anticonvulsants or corticosteroids, low BMI or eating disorder eg, anorexia nervosa or bulimia, metabolic bone disease, strong family history of osteoporosis; wt gain; breast & ovarian cancer; increased risk of CV events eg, MI, CHD, stroke, VTE; CAD; stroke; pulmonary embolism; dementia; Cushingoid symptoms; suppressed adrenal function. Ensure adequate Ca & vit D intake. Hepatic & renal insufficiency, jaundice. Prolonged anovulation w/ amenorrhoea &/or erratic menstrual patterns. Lactation. Not to be used in pre-menarche childn.