Dysphagia, swallowing disorders, severe GI motility disorders including untreated or severe constipation or major GI tract surgery. Monitor bicarbonate, Cl levels during treatment; additional monitoring of fat-soluble vit & folic acid in patients undergoing peritoneal dialysis. Assess vit A, D, E & K status regularly. Not recommended in patients w/ CKD not on dialysis w/ serum P <1.78 mmol/L. Pregnancy & lactation. Not recommended in childn <18 yr.